Thrift: Complete handling of Binary & Compact protocols

- Make sure reassembly requests & errors are properly propagated from
  any point in the PDU, no matter how many sub-structure levels.
- Handle the sub-dissection methods as well:
  - Ensure the sub-dissection methods handle errors from previous calls.
  - Reduce the error handling needed in sub-dissector implementations.
  - Add missing sub-dissection methods for list, set, and map.
  - Add the handling of sub-structure.
- Handle Compact protocol in addition to the existing binary protocol.
  - Include and improve MR !3171
  - Handle reassembly the same way as for binary protocol.
  - Handle sub-dissection with the same functions.
    => Sub-dissectors only depend on .thrift files.

Additional changes:
- Use of constants instead of hard-coded values.
- Removed U64 support (never supported by thrift code generator, only
  referenced in the C++ thrift library header but not supported in reality.
- Removed references to UTF-8 and UTF-16 string for the same reason.
- Replaced references to UTF-7 string with just string (same reason).
- Replaced references to byte with i8 as the documentation explicitly
  states that byte is a compatibility name.

Documentation reference:
- https://thrift.apache.org/developers
- https://thrift.apache.org/docs/idl.html
- https://github.com/apache/thrift/blob/master/doc/specs/thrift-compact-protocol.md
- https://erikvanoosten.github.io/thrift-missing-specification/
- https://diwakergupta.github.io/thrift-missing-guide/

Closes #16244

Additional changes:
- Add authors and improve consistency
- Fix typo and clarify documentation

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