aboutsummaryrefslogtreecommitdiffstats
path: root/qemu-options.hx
blob: 87af798419f2a975df12bf57a65ffc9080e6c339 (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
1434
1435
1436
1437
1438
1439
1440
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
1453
1454
1455
1456
1457
1458
1459
1460
1461
1462
1463
1464
1465
1466
1467
1468
1469
1470
1471
1472
1473
1474
1475
1476
1477
1478
1479
1480
1481
1482
1483
1484
1485
1486
1487
1488
1489
1490
1491
1492
1493
1494
1495
1496
1497
1498
1499
1500
1501
1502
1503
1504
1505
1506
1507
1508
1509
1510
1511
1512
1513
1514
1515
1516
1517
1518
1519
1520
1521
1522
1523
1524
1525
1526
1527
1528
1529
1530
1531
1532
1533
1534
1535
1536
1537
1538
1539
1540
1541
1542
1543
1544
1545
1546
1547
1548
1549
1550
1551
1552
1553
1554
1555
1556
1557
1558
1559
1560
1561
1562
1563
1564
1565
1566
1567
1568
1569
1570
1571
1572
1573
1574
1575
1576
1577
HXCOMM Use DEFHEADING() to define headings in both help text and texi
HXCOMM Text between STEXI and ETEXI are copied to texi version and
HXCOMM discarded from C version
HXCOMM DEF(option, HAS_ARG/0, opt_enum, opt_help) is used to construct
HXCOMM option structures, enums and help message.
HXCOMM HXCOMM can be used for comments, discarded from both texi and C

DEFHEADING(Standard options:)
STEXI
@table @option
ETEXI

DEF("help", 0, QEMU_OPTION_h,
    "-h or -help     display this help and exit\n")
STEXI
@item -h
Display help and exit
ETEXI

DEF("version", 0, QEMU_OPTION_version,
    "-version        display version information and exit\n")
STEXI
@item -version
Display version information and exit
ETEXI

DEF("M", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_M,
    "-M machine      select emulated machine (-M ? for list)\n")
STEXI
@item -M @var{machine}
Select the emulated @var{machine} (@code{-M ?} for list)
ETEXI

DEF("cpu", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_cpu,
    "-cpu cpu        select CPU (-cpu ? for list)\n")
STEXI
@item -cpu @var{model}
Select CPU model (-cpu ? for list and additional feature selection)
ETEXI

DEF("smp", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_smp,
    "-smp n          set the number of CPUs to 'n' [default=1]\n")
STEXI
@item -smp @var{n}
Simulate an SMP system with @var{n} CPUs. On the PC target, up to 255
CPUs are supported. On Sparc32 target, Linux limits the number of usable CPUs
to 4.
ETEXI

DEF("numa", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_numa,
    "-numa node[,mem=size][,cpus=cpu[-cpu]][,nodeid=node]\n")
STEXI
@item -numa @var{opts}
Simulate a multi node NUMA system. If mem and cpus are omitted, resources
are split equally.
ETEXI

DEF("fda", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_fda,
    "-fda/-fdb file  use 'file' as floppy disk 0/1 image\n")
DEF("fdb", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_fdb, "")
STEXI
@item -fda @var{file}
@item -fdb @var{file}
Use @var{file} as floppy disk 0/1 image (@pxref{disk_images}). You can
use the host floppy by using @file{/dev/fd0} as filename (@pxref{host_drives}).
ETEXI

DEF("hda", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_hda,
    "-hda/-hdb file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 0/1 image\n")
DEF("hdb", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_hdb, "")
DEF("hdc", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_hdc,
    "-hdc/-hdd file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 2/3 image\n")
DEF("hdd", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_hdd, "")
STEXI
@item -hda @var{file}
@item -hdb @var{file}
@item -hdc @var{file}
@item -hdd @var{file}
Use @var{file} as hard disk 0, 1, 2 or 3 image (@pxref{disk_images}).
ETEXI

DEF("cdrom", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_cdrom,
    "-cdrom file     use 'file' as IDE cdrom image (cdrom is ide1 master)\n")
STEXI
@item -cdrom @var{file}
Use @var{file} as CD-ROM image (you cannot use @option{-hdc} and
@option{-cdrom} at the same time). You can use the host CD-ROM by
using @file{/dev/cdrom} as filename (@pxref{host_drives}).
ETEXI

DEF("drive", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_drive,
    "-drive [file=file][,if=type][,bus=n][,unit=m][,media=d][,index=i]\n"
    "       [,cyls=c,heads=h,secs=s[,trans=t]][,snapshot=on|off]\n"
    "       [,cache=writethrough|writeback|none][,format=f][,serial=s]\n"
    "                use 'file' as a drive image\n")
STEXI
@item -drive @var{option}[,@var{option}[,@var{option}[,...]]]

Define a new drive. Valid options are:

@table @code
@item file=@var{file}
This option defines which disk image (@pxref{disk_images}) to use with
this drive. If the filename contains comma, you must double it
(for instance, "file=my,,file" to use file "my,file").
@item if=@var{interface}
This option defines on which type on interface the drive is connected.
Available types are: ide, scsi, sd, mtd, floppy, pflash, virtio.
@item bus=@var{bus},unit=@var{unit}
These options define where is connected the drive by defining the bus number and
the unit id.
@item index=@var{index}
This option defines where is connected the drive by using an index in the list
of available connectors of a given interface type.
@item media=@var{media}
This option defines the type of the media: disk or cdrom.
@item cyls=@var{c},heads=@var{h},secs=@var{s}[,trans=@var{t}]
These options have the same definition as they have in @option{-hdachs}.
@item snapshot=@var{snapshot}
@var{snapshot} is "on" or "off" and allows to enable snapshot for given drive (see @option{-snapshot}).
@item cache=@var{cache}
@var{cache} is "none", "writeback", or "writethrough" and controls how the host cache is used to access block data.
@item format=@var{format}
Specify which disk @var{format} will be used rather than detecting
the format.  Can be used to specifiy format=raw to avoid interpreting
an untrusted format header.
@item serial=@var{serial}
This option specifies the serial number to assign to the device.
@end table

By default, writethrough caching is used for all block device.  This means that
the host page cache will be used to read and write data but write notification
will be sent to the guest only when the data has been reported as written by
the storage subsystem.

Writeback caching will report data writes as completed as soon as the data is
present in the host page cache.  This is safe as long as you trust your host.
If your host crashes or loses power, then the guest may experience data
corruption.  When using the @option{-snapshot} option, writeback caching is
used by default.

The host page cache can be avoided entirely with @option{cache=none}.  This will
attempt to do disk IO directly to the guests memory.  QEMU may still perform
an internal copy of the data.

Some block drivers perform badly with @option{cache=writethrough}, most notably,
qcow2.  If performance is more important than correctness,
@option{cache=writeback} should be used with qcow2.  By default, if no explicit
caching is specified for a qcow2 disk image, @option{cache=writeback} will be
used.  For all other disk types, @option{cache=writethrough} is the default.

Instead of @option{-cdrom} you can use:
@example
qemu -drive file=file,index=2,media=cdrom
@end example

Instead of @option{-hda}, @option{-hdb}, @option{-hdc}, @option{-hdd}, you can
use:
@example
qemu -drive file=file,index=0,media=disk
qemu -drive file=file,index=1,media=disk
qemu -drive file=file,index=2,media=disk
qemu -drive file=file,index=3,media=disk
@end example

You can connect a CDROM to the slave of ide0:
@example
qemu -drive file=file,if=ide,index=1,media=cdrom
@end example

If you don't specify the "file=" argument, you define an empty drive:
@example
qemu -drive if=ide,index=1,media=cdrom
@end example

You can connect a SCSI disk with unit ID 6 on the bus #0:
@example
qemu -drive file=file,if=scsi,bus=0,unit=6
@end example

Instead of @option{-fda}, @option{-fdb}, you can use:
@example
qemu -drive file=file,index=0,if=floppy
qemu -drive file=file,index=1,if=floppy
@end example

By default, @var{interface} is "ide" and @var{index} is automatically
incremented:
@example
qemu -drive file=a -drive file=b"
@end example
is interpreted like:
@example
qemu -hda a -hdb b
@end example
ETEXI

DEF("mtdblock", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_mtdblock,
    "-mtdblock file  use 'file' as on-board Flash memory image\n")
STEXI

@item -mtdblock file
Use 'file' as on-board Flash memory image.
ETEXI

DEF("sd", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_sd,
    "-sd file        use 'file' as SecureDigital card image\n")
STEXI
@item -sd file
Use 'file' as SecureDigital card image.
ETEXI

DEF("pflash", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_pflash,
    "-pflash file    use 'file' as a parallel flash image\n")
STEXI
@item -pflash file
Use 'file' as a parallel flash image.
ETEXI

DEF("boot", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_boot,
    "-boot [a|c|d|n] boot on floppy (a), hard disk (c), CD-ROM (d), or network (n)\n")
STEXI
@item -boot [a|c|d|n]
Boot on floppy (a), hard disk (c), CD-ROM (d), or Etherboot (n). Hard disk boot
is the default.
ETEXI

DEF("snapshot", 0, QEMU_OPTION_snapshot,
    "-snapshot       write to temporary files instead of disk image files\n")
STEXI
@item -snapshot
Write to temporary files instead of disk image files. In this case,
the raw disk image you use is not written back. You can however force
the write back by pressing @key{C-a s} (@pxref{disk_images}).
ETEXI

DEF("m", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_m,
    "-m megs         set virtual RAM size to megs MB [default=%d]\n")
STEXI
@item -m @var{megs}
Set virtual RAM size to @var{megs} megabytes. Default is 128 MiB.  Optionally,
a suffix of ``M'' or ``G'' can be used to signify a value in megabytes or
gigabytes respectively.
ETEXI

DEF("k", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_k,
    "-k language     use keyboard layout (for example 'fr' for French)\n")
STEXI
@item -k @var{language}

Use keyboard layout @var{language} (for example @code{fr} for
French). This option is only needed where it is not easy to get raw PC
keycodes (e.g. on Macs, with some X11 servers or with a VNC
display). You don't normally need to use it on PC/Linux or PC/Windows
hosts.

The available layouts are:
@example
ar  de-ch  es  fo     fr-ca  hu  ja  mk     no  pt-br  sv
da  en-gb  et  fr     fr-ch  is  lt  nl     pl  ru     th
de  en-us  fi  fr-be  hr     it  lv  nl-be  pt  sl     tr
@end example

The default is @code{en-us}.
ETEXI


#ifdef HAS_AUDIO
DEF("audio-help", 0, QEMU_OPTION_audio_help,
    "-audio-help     print list of audio drivers and their options\n")
#endif
STEXI
@item -audio-help

Will show the audio subsystem help: list of drivers, tunable
parameters.
ETEXI

#ifdef HAS_AUDIO
DEF("soundhw", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_soundhw,
    "-soundhw c1,... enable audio support\n"
    "                and only specified sound cards (comma separated list)\n"
    "                use -soundhw ? to get the list of supported cards\n"
    "                use -soundhw all to enable all of them\n")
#endif
STEXI
@item -soundhw @var{card1}[,@var{card2},...] or -soundhw all

Enable audio and selected sound hardware. Use ? to print all
available sound hardware.

@example
qemu -soundhw sb16,adlib disk.img
qemu -soundhw es1370 disk.img
qemu -soundhw ac97 disk.img
qemu -soundhw all disk.img
qemu -soundhw ?
@end example

Note that Linux's i810_audio OSS kernel (for AC97) module might
require manually specifying clocking.

@example
modprobe i810_audio clocking=48000
@end example
ETEXI

STEXI
@end table
ETEXI

DEF("usb", 0, QEMU_OPTION_usb,
    "-usb            enable the USB driver (will be the default soon)\n")
STEXI
USB options:
@table @option

@item -usb
Enable the USB driver (will be the default soon)
ETEXI

DEF("usbdevice", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_usbdevice,
    "-usbdevice name add the host or guest USB device 'name'\n")
STEXI

@item -usbdevice @var{devname}
Add the USB device @var{devname}. @xref{usb_devices}.

@table @code

@item mouse
Virtual Mouse. This will override the PS/2 mouse emulation when activated.

@item tablet
Pointer device that uses absolute coordinates (like a touchscreen). This
means qemu is able to report the mouse position without having to grab the
mouse. Also overrides the PS/2 mouse emulation when activated.

@item disk:[format=@var{format}]:file
Mass storage device based on file. The optional @var{format} argument
will be used rather than detecting the format. Can be used to specifiy
format=raw to avoid interpreting an untrusted format header.

@item host:bus.addr
Pass through the host device identified by bus.addr (Linux only).

@item host:vendor_id:product_id
Pass through the host device identified by vendor_id:product_id (Linux only).

@item serial:[vendorid=@var{vendor_id}][,productid=@var{product_id}]:@var{dev}
Serial converter to host character device @var{dev}, see @code{-serial} for the
available devices.

@item braille
Braille device.  This will use BrlAPI to display the braille output on a real
or fake device.

@item net:options
Network adapter that supports CDC ethernet and RNDIS protocols.

@end table
ETEXI

DEF("name", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_name,
    "-name string    set the name of the guest\n")
STEXI
@item -name @var{name}
Sets the @var{name} of the guest.
This name will be displayed in the SDL window caption.
The @var{name} will also be used for the VNC server.
ETEXI

DEF("uuid", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_uuid,
    "-uuid %%08x-%%04x-%%04x-%%04x-%%012x\n"
    "                specify machine UUID\n")
STEXI
@item -uuid @var{uuid}
Set system UUID.
ETEXI

STEXI
@end table
ETEXI

DEFHEADING()

DEFHEADING(Display options:)

STEXI
@table @option
ETEXI

DEF("nographic", 0, QEMU_OPTION_nographic,
    "-nographic      disable graphical output and redirect serial I/Os to console\n")
STEXI
@item -nographic

Normally, QEMU uses SDL to display the VGA output. With this option,
you can totally disable graphical output so that QEMU is a simple
command line application. The emulated serial port is redirected on
the console. Therefore, you can still use QEMU to debug a Linux kernel
with a serial console.
ETEXI

#ifdef CONFIG_CURSES
DEF("curses", 0, QEMU_OPTION_curses,
    "-curses         use a curses/ncurses interface instead of SDL\n")
#endif
STEXI
@item -curses

Normally, QEMU uses SDL to display the VGA output.  With this option,
QEMU can display the VGA output when in text mode using a
curses/ncurses interface.  Nothing is displayed in graphical mode.
ETEXI

#ifdef CONFIG_SDL
DEF("no-frame", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_frame,
    "-no-frame       open SDL window without a frame and window decorations\n")
#endif
STEXI
@item -no-frame

Do not use decorations for SDL windows and start them using the whole
available screen space. This makes the using QEMU in a dedicated desktop
workspace more convenient.
ETEXI

#ifdef CONFIG_SDL
DEF("alt-grab", 0, QEMU_OPTION_alt_grab,
    "-alt-grab       use Ctrl-Alt-Shift to grab mouse (instead of Ctrl-Alt)\n")
#endif
STEXI
@item -alt-grab

Use Ctrl-Alt-Shift to grab mouse (instead of Ctrl-Alt).
ETEXI

#ifdef CONFIG_SDL
DEF("no-quit", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_quit,
    "-no-quit        disable SDL window close capability\n")
#endif
STEXI
@item -no-quit

Disable SDL window close capability.
ETEXI

#ifdef CONFIG_SDL
DEF("sdl", 0, QEMU_OPTION_sdl,
    "-sdl            enable SDL\n")
#endif
STEXI
@item -sdl

Enable SDL.
ETEXI

DEF("portrait", 0, QEMU_OPTION_portrait,
    "-portrait       rotate graphical output 90 deg left (only PXA LCD)\n")
STEXI
@item -portrait

Rotate graphical output 90 deg left (only PXA LCD).
ETEXI

DEF("vga", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_vga,
    "-vga [std|cirrus|vmware|xenfb|none]\n"
    "                select video card type\n")
STEXI
@item -vga @var{type}
Select type of VGA card to emulate. Valid values for @var{type} are
@table @code
@item cirrus
Cirrus Logic GD5446 Video card. All Windows versions starting from
Windows 95 should recognize and use this graphic card. For optimal
performances, use 16 bit color depth in the guest and the host OS.
(This one is the default)
@item std
Standard VGA card with Bochs VBE extensions.  If your guest OS
supports the VESA 2.0 VBE extensions (e.g. Windows XP) and if you want
to use high resolution modes (>= 1280x1024x16) then you should use
this option.
@item vmware
VMWare SVGA-II compatible adapter. Use it if you have sufficiently
recent XFree86/XOrg server or Windows guest with a driver for this
card.
@item none
Disable VGA card.
@end table
ETEXI

DEF("full-screen", 0, QEMU_OPTION_full_screen,
    "-full-screen    start in full screen\n")
STEXI
@item -full-screen
Start in full screen.
ETEXI

#if defined(TARGET_PPC) || defined(TARGET_SPARC)
DEF("g", 1, QEMU_OPTION_g ,
    "-g WxH[xDEPTH]  Set the initial graphical resolution and depth\n")
#endif
STEXI
ETEXI

DEF("vnc", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_vnc ,
    "-vnc display    start a VNC server on display\n")
STEXI
@item -vnc @var{display}[,@var{option}[,@var{option}[,...]]]

Normally, QEMU uses SDL to display the VGA output.  With this option,
you can have QEMU listen on VNC display @var{display} and redirect the VGA
display over the VNC session.  It is very useful to enable the usb
tablet device when using this option (option @option{-usbdevice
tablet}). When using the VNC display, you must use the @option{-k}
parameter to set the keyboard layout if you are not using en-us. Valid
syntax for the @var{display} is

@table @code

@item @var{host}:@var{d}

TCP connections will only be allowed from @var{host} on display @var{d}.
By convention the TCP port is 5900+@var{d}. Optionally, @var{host} can
be omitted in which case the server will accept connections from any host.

@item @code{unix}:@var{path}

Connections will be allowed over UNIX domain sockets where @var{path} is the
location of a unix socket to listen for connections on.

@item none

VNC is initialized but not started. The monitor @code{change} command
can be used to later start the VNC server.

@end table

Following the @var{display} value there may be one or more @var{option} flags
separated by commas. Valid options are

@table @code

@item reverse

Connect to a listening VNC client via a ``reverse'' connection. The
client is specified by the @var{display}. For reverse network
connections (@var{host}:@var{d},@code{reverse}), the @var{d} argument
is a TCP port number, not a display number.

@item password

Require that password based authentication is used for client connections.
The password must be set separately using the @code{change} command in the
@ref{pcsys_monitor}

@item tls

Require that client use TLS when communicating with the VNC server. This
uses anonymous TLS credentials so is susceptible to a man-in-the-middle
attack. It is recommended that this option be combined with either the
@var{x509} or @var{x509verify} options.

@item x509=@var{/path/to/certificate/dir}

Valid if @option{tls} is specified. Require that x509 credentials are used
for negotiating the TLS session. The server will send its x509 certificate
to the client. It is recommended that a password be set on the VNC server
to provide authentication of the client when this is used. The path following
this option specifies where the x509 certificates are to be loaded from.
See the @ref{vnc_security} section for details on generating certificates.

@item x509verify=@var{/path/to/certificate/dir}

Valid if @option{tls} is specified. Require that x509 credentials are used
for negotiating the TLS session. The server will send its x509 certificate
to the client, and request that the client send its own x509 certificate.
The server will validate the client's certificate against the CA certificate,
and reject clients when validation fails. If the certificate authority is
trusted, this is a sufficient authentication mechanism. You may still wish
to set a password on the VNC server as a second authentication layer. The
path following this option specifies where the x509 certificates are to
be loaded from. See the @ref{vnc_security} section for details on generating
certificates.

@item sasl

Require that the client use SASL to authenticate with the VNC server.
The exact choice of authentication method used is controlled from the
system / user's SASL configuration file for the 'qemu' service. This
is typically found in /etc/sasl2/qemu.conf. If running QEMU as an
unprivileged user, an environment variable SASL_CONF_PATH can be used
to make it search alternate locations for the service config.
While some SASL auth methods can also provide data encryption (eg GSSAPI),
it is recommended that SASL always be combined with the 'tls' and
'x509' settings to enable use of SSL and server certificates. This
ensures a data encryption preventing compromise of authentication
credentials. See the @ref{vnc_security} section for details on using
SASL authentication.

@item acl

Turn on access control lists for checking of the x509 client certificate
and SASL party. For x509 certs, the ACL check is made against the
certificate's distinguished name. This is something that looks like
@code{C=GB,O=ACME,L=Boston,CN=bob}. For SASL party, the ACL check is
made against the username, which depending on the SASL plugin, may
include a realm component, eg @code{bob} or @code{bob@@EXAMPLE.COM}.
When the @option{acl} flag is set, the initial access list will be
empty, with a @code{deny} policy. Thus no one will be allowed to
use the VNC server until the ACLs have been loaded. This can be
achieved using the @code{acl} monitor command.

@end table
ETEXI

STEXI
@end table
ETEXI

DEFHEADING()

#ifdef TARGET_I386
DEFHEADING(i386 target only:)
#endif
STEXI
@table @option
ETEXI

#ifdef TARGET_I386
DEF("win2k-hack", 0, QEMU_OPTION_win2k_hack,
    "-win2k-hack     use it when installing Windows 2000 to avoid a disk full bug\n")
#endif
STEXI
@item -win2k-hack
Use it when installing Windows 2000 to avoid a disk full bug. After
Windows 2000 is installed, you no longer need this option (this option
slows down the IDE transfers).
ETEXI

#ifdef TARGET_I386
DEF("rtc-td-hack", 0, QEMU_OPTION_rtc_td_hack,
    "-rtc-td-hack    use it to fix time drift in Windows ACPI HAL\n")
#endif
STEXI
@item -rtc-td-hack
Use it if you experience time drift problem in Windows with ACPI HAL.
This option will try to figure out how many timer interrupts were not
processed by the Windows guest and will re-inject them.
ETEXI

#ifdef TARGET_I386
DEF("no-fd-bootchk", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_fd_bootchk,
    "-no-fd-bootchk  disable boot signature checking for floppy disks\n")
#endif
STEXI
@item -no-fd-bootchk
Disable boot signature checking for floppy disks in Bochs BIOS. It may
be needed to boot from old floppy disks.
ETEXI

#ifdef TARGET_I386
DEF("no-acpi", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_acpi,
           "-no-acpi        disable ACPI\n")
#endif
STEXI
@item -no-acpi
Disable ACPI (Advanced Configuration and Power Interface) support. Use
it if your guest OS complains about ACPI problems (PC target machine
only).
ETEXI

#ifdef TARGET_I386
DEF("no-hpet", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_hpet,
    "-no-hpet        disable HPET\n")
#endif
STEXI
@item -no-hpet
Disable HPET support.
ETEXI

#ifdef TARGET_I386
DEF("acpitable", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_acpitable,
    "-acpitable [sig=str][,rev=n][,oem_id=str][,oem_table_id=str][,oem_rev=n][,asl_compiler_id=str][,asl_compiler_rev=n][,data=file1[:file2]...]\n"
    "                ACPI table description\n")
#endif
STEXI
@item -acpitable [sig=@var{str}][,rev=@var{n}][,oem_id=@var{str}][,oem_table_id=@var{str}][,oem_rev=@var{n}] [,asl_compiler_id=@var{str}][,asl_compiler_rev=@var{n}][,data=@var{file1}[:@var{file2}]...]
Add ACPI table with specified header fields and context from specified files.
ETEXI

#ifdef TARGET_I386
DEF("smbios", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_smbios,
    "-smbios file=binary\n"
    "                Load SMBIOS entry from binary file\n"
    "-smbios type=0[,vendor=str][,version=str][,date=str][,release=%%d.%%d]\n"
    "                Specify SMBIOS type 0 fields\n"
    "-smbios type=1[,manufacturer=str][,product=str][,version=str][,serial=str]\n"
    "              [,uuid=uuid][,sku=str][,family=str]\n"
    "                Specify SMBIOS type 1 fields\n")
#endif
STEXI
@item -smbios file=@var{binary}
Load SMBIOS entry from binary file.

@item -smbios type=0[,vendor=@var{str}][,version=@var{str}][,date=@var{str}][,release=@var{%d.%d}]
Specify SMBIOS type 0 fields

@item -smbios type=1[,manufacturer=@var{str}][,product=@var{str}][,version=@var{str}][,serial=@var{str}][,uuid=@var{uuid}][,sku=@var{str}][,family=@var{str}]
Specify SMBIOS type 1 fields
ETEXI

#ifdef TARGET_I386
DEFHEADING()
#endif
STEXI
@end table
ETEXI

DEFHEADING(Network options:)
STEXI
@table @option
ETEXI

DEF("net", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_net, \
    "-net nic[,vlan=n][,macaddr=addr][,model=type][,name=str]\n"
    "                create a new Network Interface Card and connect it to VLAN 'n'\n"
#ifdef CONFIG_SLIRP
    "-net user[,vlan=n][,name=str][,hostname=host]\n"
    "                connect the user mode network stack to VLAN 'n' and send\n"
    "                hostname 'host' to DHCP clients\n"
#endif
#ifdef _WIN32
    "-net tap[,vlan=n][,name=str],ifname=name\n"
    "                connect the host TAP network interface to VLAN 'n'\n"
#else
    "-net tap[,vlan=n][,name=str][,fd=h][,ifname=name][,script=file][,downscript=dfile]\n"
    "                connect the host TAP network interface to VLAN 'n' and use the\n"
    "                network scripts 'file' (default=%s)\n"
    "                and 'dfile' (default=%s);\n"
    "                use '[down]script=no' to disable script execution;\n"
    "                use 'fd=h' to connect to an already opened TAP interface\n"
#endif
    "-net socket[,vlan=n][,name=str][,fd=h][,listen=[host]:port][,connect=host:port]\n"
    "                connect the vlan 'n' to another VLAN using a socket connection\n"
    "-net socket[,vlan=n][,name=str][,fd=h][,mcast=maddr:port]\n"
    "                connect the vlan 'n' to multicast maddr and port\n"
#ifdef CONFIG_VDE
    "-net vde[,vlan=n][,name=str][,sock=socketpath][,port=n][,group=groupname][,mode=octalmode]\n"
    "                connect the vlan 'n' to port 'n' of a vde switch running\n"
    "                on host and listening for incoming connections on 'socketpath'.\n"
    "                Use group 'groupname' and mode 'octalmode' to change default\n"
    "                ownership and permissions for communication port.\n"
#endif
    "-net dump[,vlan=n][,file=f][,len=n]\n"
    "                dump traffic on vlan 'n' to file 'f' (max n bytes per packet)\n"
    "-net none       use it alone to have zero network devices; if no -net option\n"
    "                is provided, the default is '-net nic -net user'\n")
STEXI
@item -net nic[,vlan=@var{n}][,macaddr=@var{addr}][,model=@var{type}][,name=@var{name}]
Create a new Network Interface Card and connect it to VLAN @var{n} (@var{n}
= 0 is the default). The NIC is an ne2k_pci by default on the PC
target. Optionally, the MAC address can be changed to @var{addr}
and a @var{name} can be assigned for use in monitor commands. If no
@option{-net} option is specified, a single NIC is created.
Qemu can emulate several different models of network card.
Valid values for @var{type} are
@code{i82551}, @code{i82557b}, @code{i82559er},
@code{ne2k_pci}, @code{ne2k_isa}, @code{pcnet}, @code{rtl8139},
@code{e1000}, @code{smc91c111}, @code{lance} and @code{mcf_fec}.
Not all devices are supported on all targets.  Use -net nic,model=?
for a list of available devices for your target.

@item -net user[,vlan=@var{n}][,hostname=@var{name}][,name=@var{name}]
Use the user mode network stack which requires no administrator
privilege to run.  @option{hostname=name} can be used to specify the client
hostname reported by the builtin DHCP server.

@item -net channel,@var{port}:@var{dev}
Forward @option{user} TCP connection to port @var{port} to character device @var{dev}

@item -net tap[,vlan=@var{n}][,name=@var{name}][,fd=@var{h}][,ifname=@var{name}][,script=@var{file}][,downscript=@var{dfile}]
Connect the host TAP network interface @var{name} to VLAN @var{n}, use
the network script @var{file} to configure it and the network script
@var{dfile} to deconfigure it. If @var{name} is not provided, the OS
automatically provides one. @option{fd}=@var{h} can be used to specify
the handle of an already opened host TAP interface. The default network
configure script is @file{/etc/qemu-ifup} and the default network
deconfigure script is @file{/etc/qemu-ifdown}. Use @option{script=no}
or @option{downscript=no} to disable script execution. Example:

@example
qemu linux.img -net nic -net tap
@end example

More complicated example (two NICs, each one connected to a TAP device)
@example
qemu linux.img -net nic,vlan=0 -net tap,vlan=0,ifname=tap0 \
               -net nic,vlan=1 -net tap,vlan=1,ifname=tap1
@end example

@item -net socket[,vlan=@var{n}][,name=@var{name}][,fd=@var{h}][,listen=[@var{host}]:@var{port}][,connect=@var{host}:@var{port}]

Connect the VLAN @var{n} to a remote VLAN in another QEMU virtual
machine using a TCP socket connection. If @option{listen} is
specified, QEMU waits for incoming connections on @var{port}
(@var{host} is optional). @option{connect} is used to connect to
another QEMU instance using the @option{listen} option. @option{fd}=@var{h}
specifies an already opened TCP socket.

Example:
@example
# launch a first QEMU instance
qemu linux.img -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:56 \
               -net socket,listen=:1234
# connect the VLAN 0 of this instance to the VLAN 0
# of the first instance
qemu linux.img -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:57 \
               -net socket,connect=127.0.0.1:1234
@end example

@item -net socket[,vlan=@var{n}][,name=@var{name}][,fd=@var{h}][,mcast=@var{maddr}:@var{port}]

Create a VLAN @var{n} shared with another QEMU virtual
machines using a UDP multicast socket, effectively making a bus for
every QEMU with same multicast address @var{maddr} and @var{port}.
NOTES:
@enumerate
@item
Several QEMU can be running on different hosts and share same bus (assuming
correct multicast setup for these hosts).
@item
mcast support is compatible with User Mode Linux (argument @option{eth@var{N}=mcast}), see
@url{http://user-mode-linux.sf.net}.
@item
Use @option{fd=h} to specify an already opened UDP multicast socket.
@end enumerate

Example:
@example
# launch one QEMU instance
qemu linux.img -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:56 \
               -net socket,mcast=230.0.0.1:1234
# launch another QEMU instance on same "bus"
qemu linux.img -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:57 \
               -net socket,mcast=230.0.0.1:1234
# launch yet another QEMU instance on same "bus"
qemu linux.img -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:58 \
               -net socket,mcast=230.0.0.1:1234
@end example

Example (User Mode Linux compat.):
@example
# launch QEMU instance (note mcast address selected
# is UML's default)
qemu linux.img -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:56 \
               -net socket,mcast=239.192.168.1:1102
# launch UML
/path/to/linux ubd0=/path/to/root_fs eth0=mcast
@end example

@item -net vde[,vlan=@var{n}][,name=@var{name}][,sock=@var{socketpath}][,port=@var{n}][,group=@var{groupname}][,mode=@var{octalmode}]
Connect VLAN @var{n} to PORT @var{n} of a vde switch running on host and
listening for incoming connections on @var{socketpath}. Use GROUP @var{groupname}
and MODE @var{octalmode} to change default ownership and permissions for
communication port. This option is available only if QEMU has been compiled
with vde support enabled.

Example:
@example
# launch vde switch
vde_switch -F -sock /tmp/myswitch
# launch QEMU instance
qemu linux.img -net nic -net vde,sock=/tmp/myswitch
@end example

@item -net dump[,vlan=@var{n}][,file=@var{file}][,len=@var{len}]
Dump network traffic on VLAN @var{n} to file @var{file} (@file{qemu-vlan0.pcap} by default).
At most @var{len} bytes (64k by default) per packet are stored. The file format is
libpcap, so it can be analyzed with tools such as tcpdump or Wireshark.

@item -net none
Indicate that no network devices should be configured. It is used to
override the default configuration (@option{-net nic -net user}) which
is activated if no @option{-net} options are provided.
ETEXI

#ifdef CONFIG_SLIRP
DEF("tftp", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_tftp, \
    "-tftp dir       allow tftp access to files in dir [-net user]\n")
#endif
STEXI
@item -tftp @var{dir}
When using the user mode network stack, activate a built-in TFTP
server. The files in @var{dir} will be exposed as the root of a TFTP server.
The TFTP client on the guest must be configured in binary mode (use the command
@code{bin} of the Unix TFTP client). The host IP address on the guest is as
usual 10.0.2.2.
ETEXI

#ifdef CONFIG_SLIRP
DEF("bootp", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_bootp, \
    "-bootp file     advertise file in BOOTP replies\n")
#endif
STEXI
@item -bootp @var{file}
When using the user mode network stack, broadcast @var{file} as the BOOTP
filename.  In conjunction with @option{-tftp}, this can be used to network boot
a guest from a local directory.

Example (using pxelinux):
@example
qemu -hda linux.img -boot n -tftp /path/to/tftp/files -bootp /pxelinux.0
@end example
ETEXI

#ifndef _WIN32
DEF("smb", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_smb, \
           "-smb dir        allow SMB access to files in 'dir' [-net user]\n")
#endif
STEXI
@item -smb @var{dir}
When using the user mode network stack, activate a built-in SMB
server so that Windows OSes can access to the host files in @file{@var{dir}}
transparently.

In the guest Windows OS, the line:
@example
10.0.2.4 smbserver
@end example
must be added in the file @file{C:\WINDOWS\LMHOSTS} (for windows 9x/Me)
or @file{C:\WINNT\SYSTEM32\DRIVERS\ETC\LMHOSTS} (Windows NT/2000).

Then @file{@var{dir}} can be accessed in @file{\\smbserver\qemu}.

Note that a SAMBA server must be installed on the host OS in
@file{/usr/sbin/smbd}. QEMU was tested successfully with smbd version
2.2.7a from the Red Hat 9 and version 3.0.10-1.fc3 from Fedora Core 3.
ETEXI

#ifdef CONFIG_SLIRP
DEF("redir", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_redir, \
    "-redir [tcp|udp]:host-port:[guest-host]:guest-port\n" \
    "                redirect TCP or UDP connections from host to guest [-net user]\n")
#endif
STEXI
@item -redir [tcp|udp]:@var{host-port}:[@var{guest-host}]:@var{guest-port}

When using the user mode network stack, redirect incoming TCP or UDP
connections to the host port @var{host-port} to the guest
@var{guest-host} on guest port @var{guest-port}. If @var{guest-host}
is not specified, its value is 10.0.2.15 (default address given by the
built-in DHCP server). If no connection type is specified, TCP is used.

For example, to redirect host X11 connection from screen 1 to guest
screen 0, use the following:

@example
# on the host
qemu -redir tcp:6001::6000 [...]
# this host xterm should open in the guest X11 server
xterm -display :1
@end example

To redirect telnet connections from host port 5555 to telnet port on
the guest, use the following:

@example
# on the host
qemu -redir tcp:5555::23 [...]
telnet localhost 5555
@end example

Then when you use on the host @code{telnet localhost 5555}, you
connect to the guest telnet server.

@end table
ETEXI

DEF("bt", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_bt, \
    "\n" \
    "-bt hci,null    dumb bluetooth HCI - doesn't respond to commands\n" \
    "-bt hci,host[:id]\n" \
    "                use host's HCI with the given name\n" \
    "-bt hci[,vlan=n]\n" \
    "                emulate a standard HCI in virtual scatternet 'n'\n" \
    "-bt vhci[,vlan=n]\n" \
    "                add host computer to virtual scatternet 'n' using VHCI\n" \
    "-bt device:dev[,vlan=n]\n" \
    "                emulate a bluetooth device 'dev' in scatternet 'n'\n")
STEXI
Bluetooth(R) options:
@table @option

@item -bt hci[...]
Defines the function of the corresponding Bluetooth HCI.  -bt options
are matched with the HCIs present in the chosen machine type.  For
example when emulating a machine with only one HCI built into it, only
the first @code{-bt hci[...]} option is valid and defines the HCI's
logic.  The Transport Layer is decided by the machine type.  Currently
the machines @code{n800} and @code{n810} have one HCI and all other
machines have none.

@anchor{bt-hcis}
The following three types are recognized:

@table @code
@item -bt hci,null
(default) The corresponding Bluetooth HCI assumes no internal logic
and will not respond to any HCI commands or emit events.

@item -bt hci,host[:@var{id}]
(@code{bluez} only) The corresponding HCI passes commands / events
to / from the physical HCI identified by the name @var{id} (default:
@code{hci0}) on the computer running QEMU.  Only available on @code{bluez}
capable systems like Linux.

@item -bt hci[,vlan=@var{n}]
Add a virtual, standard HCI that will participate in the Bluetooth
scatternet @var{n} (default @code{0}).  Similarly to @option{-net}
VLANs, devices inside a bluetooth network @var{n} can only communicate
with other devices in the same network (scatternet).
@end table

@item -bt vhci[,vlan=@var{n}]
(Linux-host only) Create a HCI in scatternet @var{n} (default 0) attached
to the host bluetooth stack instead of to the emulated target.  This
allows the host and target machines to participate in a common scatternet
and communicate.  Requires the Linux @code{vhci} driver installed.  Can
be used as following:

@example
qemu [...OPTIONS...] -bt hci,vlan=5 -bt vhci,vlan=5
@end example

@item -bt device:@var{dev}[,vlan=@var{n}]
Emulate a bluetooth device @var{dev} and place it in network @var{n}
(default @code{0}).  QEMU can only emulate one type of bluetooth devices
currently:

@table @code
@item keyboard
Virtual wireless keyboard implementing the HIDP bluetooth profile.
@end table
@end table
ETEXI

DEFHEADING()

DEFHEADING(Linux boot specific:)
STEXI
When using these options, you can use a given
Linux kernel without installing it in the disk image. It can be useful
for easier testing of various kernels.

@table @option
ETEXI

DEF("kernel", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_kernel, \
    "-kernel bzImage use 'bzImage' as kernel image\n")
STEXI
@item -kernel @var{bzImage}
Use @var{bzImage} as kernel image.
ETEXI

DEF("append", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_append, \
    "-append cmdline use 'cmdline' as kernel command line\n")
STEXI
@item -append @var{cmdline}
Use @var{cmdline} as kernel command line
ETEXI

DEF("initrd", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_initrd, \
           "-initrd file    use 'file' as initial ram disk\n")
STEXI
@item -initrd @var{file}
Use @var{file} as initial ram disk.
ETEXI

STEXI
@end table
ETEXI

DEFHEADING()

DEFHEADING(Debug/Expert options:)

STEXI
@table @option
ETEXI

DEF("serial", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_serial, \
    "-serial dev     redirect the serial port to char device 'dev'\n")
STEXI
@item -serial @var{dev}
Redirect the virtual serial port to host character device
@var{dev}. The default device is @code{vc} in graphical mode and
@code{stdio} in non graphical mode.

This option can be used several times to simulate up to 4 serial
ports.

Use @code{-serial none} to disable all serial ports.

Available character devices are:
@table @code
@item vc[:WxH]
Virtual console. Optionally, a width and height can be given in pixel with
@example
vc:800x600
@end example
It is also possible to specify width or height in characters:
@example
vc:80Cx24C
@end example
@item pty
[Linux only] Pseudo TTY (a new PTY is automatically allocated)
@item none
No device is allocated.
@item null
void device
@item /dev/XXX
[Linux only] Use host tty, e.g. @file{/dev/ttyS0}. The host serial port
parameters are set according to the emulated ones.
@item /dev/parport@var{N}
[Linux only, parallel port only] Use host parallel port
@var{N}. Currently SPP and EPP parallel port features can be used.
@item file:@var{filename}
Write output to @var{filename}. No character can be read.
@item stdio
[Unix only] standard input/output
@item pipe:@var{filename}
name pipe @var{filename}
@item COM@var{n}
[Windows only] Use host serial port @var{n}
@item udp:[@var{remote_host}]:@var{remote_port}[@@[@var{src_ip}]:@var{src_port}]
This implements UDP Net Console.
When @var{remote_host} or @var{src_ip} are not specified
they default to @code{0.0.0.0}.
When not using a specified @var{src_port} a random port is automatically chosen.
@item msmouse
Three button serial mouse. Configure the guest to use Microsoft protocol.

If you just want a simple readonly console you can use @code{netcat} or
@code{nc}, by starting qemu with: @code{-serial udp::4555} and nc as:
@code{nc -u -l -p 4555}. Any time qemu writes something to that port it
will appear in the netconsole session.

If you plan to send characters back via netconsole or you want to stop
and start qemu a lot of times, you should have qemu use the same
source port each time by using something like @code{-serial
udp::4555@@:4556} to qemu. Another approach is to use a patched
version of netcat which can listen to a TCP port and send and receive
characters via udp.  If you have a patched version of netcat which
activates telnet remote echo and single char transfer, then you can
use the following options to step up a netcat redirector to allow
telnet on port 5555 to access the qemu port.
@table @code
@item Qemu Options:
-serial udp::4555@@:4556
@item netcat options:
-u -P 4555 -L 0.0.0.0:4556 -t -p 5555 -I -T
@item telnet options:
localhost 5555
@end table

@item tcp:[@var{host}]:@var{port}[,@var{server}][,nowait][,nodelay]
The TCP Net Console has two modes of operation.  It can send the serial
I/O to a location or wait for a connection from a location.  By default
the TCP Net Console is sent to @var{host} at the @var{port}.  If you use
the @var{server} option QEMU will wait for a client socket application
to connect to the port before continuing, unless the @code{nowait}
option was specified.  The @code{nodelay} option disables the Nagle buffering
algorithm.  If @var{host} is omitted, 0.0.0.0 is assumed. Only
one TCP connection at a time is accepted. You can use @code{telnet} to
connect to the corresponding character device.
@table @code
@item Example to send tcp console to 192.168.0.2 port 4444
-serial tcp:192.168.0.2:4444
@item Example to listen and wait on port 4444 for connection
-serial tcp::4444,server
@item Example to not wait and listen on ip 192.168.0.100 port 4444
-serial tcp:192.168.0.100:4444,server,nowait
@end table

@item telnet:@var{host}:@var{port}[,server][,nowait][,nodelay]
The telnet protocol is used instead of raw tcp sockets.  The options
work the same as if you had specified @code{-serial tcp}.  The
difference is that the port acts like a telnet server or client using
telnet option negotiation.  This will also allow you to send the
MAGIC_SYSRQ sequence if you use a telnet that supports sending the break
sequence.  Typically in unix telnet you do it with Control-] and then
type "send break" followed by pressing the enter key.

@item unix:@var{path}[,server][,nowait]
A unix domain socket is used instead of a tcp socket.  The option works the
same as if you had specified @code{-serial tcp} except the unix domain socket
@var{path} is used for connections.

@item mon:@var{dev_string}
This is a special option to allow the monitor to be multiplexed onto
another serial port.  The monitor is accessed with key sequence of
@key{Control-a} and then pressing @key{c}. See monitor access
@ref{pcsys_keys} in the -nographic section for more keys.
@var{dev_string} should be any one of the serial devices specified
above.  An example to multiplex the monitor onto a telnet server
listening on port 4444 would be:
@table @code
@item -serial mon:telnet::4444,server,nowait
@end table

@item braille
Braille device.  This will use BrlAPI to display the braille output on a real
or fake device.

@end table
ETEXI

DEF("parallel", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_parallel, \
    "-parallel dev   redirect the parallel port to char device 'dev'\n")
STEXI
@item -parallel @var{dev}
Redirect the virtual parallel port to host device @var{dev} (same
devices as the serial port). On Linux hosts, @file{/dev/parportN} can
be used to use hardware devices connected on the corresponding host
parallel port.

This option can be used several times to simulate up to 3 parallel
ports.

Use @code{-parallel none} to disable all parallel ports.
ETEXI

DEF("monitor", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_monitor, \
    "-monitor dev    redirect the monitor to char device 'dev'\n")
STEXI
@item -monitor @var{dev}
Redirect the monitor to host device @var{dev} (same devices as the
serial port).
The default device is @code{vc} in graphical mode and @code{stdio} in
non graphical mode.
ETEXI

DEF("pidfile", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_pidfile, \
    "-pidfile file   write PID to 'file'\n")
STEXI
@item -pidfile @var{file}
Store the QEMU process PID in @var{file}. It is useful if you launch QEMU
from a script.
ETEXI

DEF("singlestep", 0, QEMU_OPTION_singlestep, \
    "-singlestep   always run in singlestep mode\n")
STEXI
@item -singlestep
Run the emulation in single step mode.
ETEXI

DEF("S", 0, QEMU_OPTION_S, \
    "-S              freeze CPU at startup (use 'c' to start execution)\n")
STEXI
@item -S
Do not start CPU at startup (you must type 'c' in the monitor).
ETEXI

DEF("gdb", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_gdb, \
    "-gdb dev        wait for gdb connection on 'dev'\n")
STEXI
@item -gdb @var{dev}
Wait for gdb connection on device @var{dev} (@pxref{gdb_usage}). Typical
connections will likely be TCP-based, but also UDP, pseudo TTY, or even
stdio are reasonable use case. The latter is allowing to start qemu from
within gdb and establish the connection via a pipe:
@example
(gdb) target remote | exec qemu -gdb stdio ...
@end example
ETEXI

DEF("s", 0, QEMU_OPTION_s, \
    "-s              shorthand for -gdb tcp::%s\n")
STEXI
@item -s
Shorthand for -gdb tcp::1234, i.e. open a gdbserver on TCP port 1234
(@pxref{gdb_usage}).
ETEXI

DEF("d", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_d, \
    "-d item1,...    output log to %s (use -d ? for a list of log items)\n")
STEXI
@item -d
Output log in /tmp/qemu.log
ETEXI

DEF("hdachs", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_hdachs, \
    "-hdachs c,h,s[,t]\n" \
    "                force hard disk 0 physical geometry and the optional BIOS\n" \
    "                translation (t=none or lba) (usually qemu can guess them)\n")
STEXI
@item -hdachs @var{c},@var{h},@var{s},[,@var{t}]
Force hard disk 0 physical geometry (1 <= @var{c} <= 16383, 1 <=
@var{h} <= 16, 1 <= @var{s} <= 63) and optionally force the BIOS
translation mode (@var{t}=none, lba or auto). Usually QEMU can guess
all those parameters. This option is useful for old MS-DOS disk
images.
ETEXI

DEF("L", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_L, \
    "-L path         set the directory for the BIOS, VGA BIOS and keymaps\n")
STEXI
@item -L  @var{path}
Set the directory for the BIOS, VGA BIOS and keymaps.
ETEXI

DEF("bios", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_bios, \
    "-bios file      set the filename for the BIOS\n")
STEXI
@item -bios @var{file}
Set the filename for the BIOS.
ETEXI

#ifdef CONFIG_KQEMU
DEF("kernel-kqemu", 0, QEMU_OPTION_kernel_kqemu, \
    "-kernel-kqemu   enable KQEMU full virtualization (default is user mode only)\n")
#endif
STEXI
@item -kernel-kqemu
Enable KQEMU full virtualization (default is user mode only).
ETEXI

#ifdef CONFIG_KQEMU
DEF("no-kqemu", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_kqemu, \
    "-no-kqemu       disable KQEMU kernel module usage\n")
#endif
STEXI
@item -no-kqemu
Disable KQEMU kernel module usage. KQEMU options are only available if
KQEMU support is enabled when compiling.
ETEXI

#ifdef CONFIG_KVM
DEF("enable-kvm", 0, QEMU_OPTION_enable_kvm, \
    "-enable-kvm     enable KVM full virtualization support\n")
#endif
STEXI
@item -enable-kvm
Enable KVM full virtualization support. This option is only available
if KVM support is enabled when compiling.
ETEXI

#ifdef CONFIG_XEN
DEF("xen-domid", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_xen_domid,
    "-xen-domid id   specify xen guest domain id\n")
DEF("xen-create", 0, QEMU_OPTION_xen_create,
    "-xen-create     create domain using xen hypercalls, bypassing xend\n"
    "                warning: should not be used when xend is in use\n")
DEF("xen-attach", 0, QEMU_OPTION_xen_attach,
    "-xen-attach     attach to existing xen domain\n"
    "                xend will use this when starting qemu\n")
#endif

DEF("no-reboot", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_reboot, \
    "-no-reboot      exit instead of rebooting\n")
STEXI
@item -no-reboot
Exit instead of rebooting.
ETEXI

DEF("no-shutdown", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_shutdown, \
    "-no-shutdown    stop before shutdown\n")
STEXI
@item -no-shutdown
Don't exit QEMU on guest shutdown, but instead only stop the emulation.
This allows for instance switching to monitor to commit changes to the
disk image.
ETEXI

DEF("loadvm", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_loadvm, \
    "-loadvm [tag|id]\n" \
    "                start right away with a saved state (loadvm in monitor)\n")
STEXI
@item -loadvm @var{file}
Start right away with a saved state (@code{loadvm} in monitor)
ETEXI

#ifndef _WIN32
DEF("daemonize", 0, QEMU_OPTION_daemonize, \
    "-daemonize      daemonize QEMU after initializing\n")
#endif
STEXI
@item -daemonize
Daemonize the QEMU process after initialization.  QEMU will not detach from
standard IO until it is ready to receive connections on any of its devices.
This option is a useful way for external programs to launch QEMU without having
to cope with initialization race conditions.
ETEXI

DEF("option-rom", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_option_rom, \
    "-option-rom rom load a file, rom, into the option ROM space\n")
STEXI
@item -option-rom @var{file}
Load the contents of @var{file} as an option ROM.
This option is useful to load things like EtherBoot.
ETEXI

DEF("clock", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_clock, \
    "-clock          force the use of the given methods for timer alarm.\n" \
    "                To see what timers are available use -clock ?\n")
STEXI
@item -clock @var{method}
Force the use of the given methods for timer alarm. To see what timers
are available use -clock ?.
ETEXI

DEF("localtime", 0, QEMU_OPTION_localtime, \
    "-localtime      set the real time clock to local time [default=utc]\n")
STEXI
@item -localtime
Set the real time clock to local time (the default is to UTC
time). This option is needed to have correct date in MS-DOS or
Windows.
ETEXI

DEF("startdate", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_startdate, \
    "-startdate      select initial date of the clock\n")
STEXI

@item -startdate @var{date}
Set the initial date of the real time clock. Valid formats for
@var{date} are: @code{now} or @code{2006-06-17T16:01:21} or
@code{2006-06-17}. The default value is @code{now}.
ETEXI

DEF("icount", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_icount, \
    "-icount [N|auto]\n" \
    "                enable virtual instruction counter with 2^N clock ticks per\n" \
    "                instruction\n")
STEXI
@item -icount [N|auto]
Enable virtual instruction counter.  The virtual cpu will execute one
instruction every 2^N ns of virtual time.  If @code{auto} is specified
then the virtual cpu speed will be automatically adjusted to keep virtual
time within a few seconds of real time.

Note that while this option can give deterministic behavior, it does not
provide cycle accurate emulation.  Modern CPUs contain superscalar out of
order cores with complex cache hierarchies.  The number of instructions
executed often has little or no correlation with actual performance.
ETEXI

DEF("watchdog", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_watchdog, \
    "-watchdog i6300esb|ib700\n" \
    "                enable virtual hardware watchdog [default=none]\n")
STEXI
@item -watchdog @var{model}
Create a virtual hardware watchdog device.  Once enabled (by a guest
action), the watchdog must be periodically polled by an agent inside
the guest or else the guest will be restarted.

The @var{model} is the model of hardware watchdog to emulate.  Choices
for model are: @code{ib700} (iBASE 700) which is a very simple ISA
watchdog with a single timer, or @code{i6300esb} (Intel 6300ESB I/O
controller hub) which is a much more featureful PCI-based dual-timer
watchdog.  Choose a model for which your guest has drivers.

Use @code{-watchdog ?} to list available hardware models.  Only one
watchdog can be enabled for a guest.
ETEXI

DEF("watchdog-action", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_watchdog_action, \
    "-watchdog-action reset|shutdown|poweroff|pause|debug|none\n" \
    "                action when watchdog fires [default=reset]\n")
STEXI
@item -watchdog-action @var{action}

The @var{action} controls what QEMU will do when the watchdog timer
expires.
The default is
@code{reset} (forcefully reset the guest).
Other possible actions are:
@code{shutdown} (attempt to gracefully shutdown the guest),
@code{poweroff} (forcefully poweroff the guest),
@code{pause} (pause the guest),
@code{debug} (print a debug message and continue), or
@code{none} (do nothing).

Note that the @code{shutdown} action requires that the guest responds
to ACPI signals, which it may not be able to do in the sort of
situations where the watchdog would have expired, and thus
@code{-watchdog-action shutdown} is not recommended for production use.

Examples:

@table @code
@item -watchdog i6300esb -watchdog-action pause
@item -watchdog ib700
@end table
ETEXI

DEF("echr", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_echr, \
    "-echr chr       set terminal escape character instead of ctrl-a\n")
STEXI

@item -echr numeric_ascii_value
Change the escape character used for switching to the monitor when using
monitor and serial sharing.  The default is @code{0x01} when using the
@code{-nographic} option.  @code{0x01} is equal to pressing
@code{Control-a}.  You can select a different character from the ascii
control keys where 1 through 26 map to Control-a through Control-z.  For
instance you could use the either of the following to change the escape
character to Control-t.
@table @code
@item -echr 0x14
@item -echr 20
@end table
ETEXI

DEF("virtioconsole", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_virtiocon, \
    "-virtioconsole c\n" \
    "                set virtio console\n")
STEXI
@item -virtioconsole @var{c}
Set virtio console.
ETEXI

DEF("show-cursor", 0, QEMU_OPTION_show_cursor, \
    "-show-cursor    show cursor\n")
STEXI
ETEXI

DEF("tb-size", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_tb_size, \
    "-tb-size n      set TB size\n")
STEXI
ETEXI

DEF("incoming", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_incoming, \
    "-incoming p     prepare for incoming migration, listen on port p\n")
STEXI
ETEXI

#ifndef _WIN32
DEF("chroot", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_chroot, \
    "-chroot dir     Chroot to dir just before starting the VM.\n")
#endif
STEXI
@item -chroot dir
Immediately before starting guest execution, chroot to the specified
directory.  Especially useful in combination with -runas.
ETEXI

#ifndef _WIN32
DEF("runas", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_runas, \
    "-runas user     Change to user id user just before starting the VM.\n")
#endif
STEXI
@item -runas user
Immediately before starting guest execution, drop root privileges, switching
to the specified user.
ETEXI

STEXI
@end table
ETEXI

#if defined(TARGET_SPARC) || defined(TARGET_PPC)
DEF("prom-env", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_prom_env,
    "-prom-env variable=value\n"
    "                set OpenBIOS nvram variables\n")
#endif
#if defined(TARGET_ARM) || defined(TARGET_M68K)
DEF("semihosting", 0, QEMU_OPTION_semihosting,
    "-semihosting    semihosting mode\n")
#endif
#if defined(TARGET_ARM)
DEF("old-param", 0, QEMU_OPTION_old_param,
    "-old-param      old param mode\n")
#endif