diff options
| author | Andreas Eversberg <jolly@eversberg.eu> | 2019-08-23 19:28:58 +0200 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Andreas Eversberg <jolly@eversberg.eu> | 2019-08-30 17:17:10 +0200 |
| commit | 9a531c4a6d34b132d786198a14949f9a8998763a (patch) | |
| tree | 3575fa321f8546770be6cbcc368ad13b285ca89a | |
| parent | 99bafb6880d2b07233bbd336d60acec4f61e3193 (diff) | |
IMTS: Docs!
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/imts-attache.jpg | bin | 0 -> 107716 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/imts.html | 756 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/imts.jpg | bin | 0 -> 143649 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/imts_small.jpg | bin | 0 -> 50328 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/index.html | 9 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/style.css | 15 |
6 files changed, 773 insertions, 7 deletions
diff --git a/docs/imts-attache.jpg b/docs/imts-attache.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..4d7e929 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/imts-attache.jpg diff --git a/docs/imts.html b/docs/imts.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1caf862 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/imts.html @@ -0,0 +1,756 @@ +<html> +<head> +<link href="style.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> +<title>osmocom-analog</title> +</head> +<body> +<center><table><tr><td> + +<h2><center>MTS & IMTS</center></h2> + +<center><img src="imts.jpg"/></center> + +<ul> + <li><a href="#history">History</a> + <li><a href="#howitworks_imts">How IMTS works</a> + <li><a href="#howitworks_mts">How MTS works</a> + <li><a href="#basestation_imts">Setup of an IMTS base station</a> + <li><a href="#basestation_mts">Setup of an MTS base station</a> +</ul> + +<p class="toppic"> +<a name="history"></a> +History +</p> + +<p> +From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia: +<br><br> +"The Improved Mobile Telephone Service (IMTS) was a pre-cellular VHF/UHF radio system which linked to the PSTN. +IMTS was the radiotelephone equivalent of land dial phone service. +Introduced in 1964, it replaced Mobile Telephone Service (MTS) and improved on most MTS systems by offering direct-dial rather than connections through a live operator." +</p> + +<p> +MTS and IMTS phone were assembled in large cases located in the trunk of cars. +Early models used mechanical switches to encode and decode phone's identity. +Later models were solid state and had duplexers to talk and listen simultaneously. +Attaché case phones came available in the late 60's, so they could be used outside the car. +Some models in the 80's were handheld. +</p> + +<center><img src="imts-attache.jpg"/></center> + +<p> +<ul> + <li>Frequency range VHF Low: 35.26 - 35.66 MHz (down-link); 43.26 - 43.66 MHz (up-link) + <li>Frequency range VHF High: 152.48 - 152.84 MHz (down-link); 157.74 - 158.10 MHz (up-link) + <li>Frequency range UHF: 454.375 - 454.65 MHz (down-link); 459.375 - 359.65 MHz (up-link) + <li>10 channels used for VHF Low Band in the US + <li>11 channels used for VHF High Band in the US + <li>13 channels used for VHF High Band in Canada + <li>12 channels used for UHF Band in the US + <li>Duplex distance: around 5 MHz (VHF High and UHF) + <li>Channel spacing: 30 KHz (VHF High) 25 KHz (UHF) + <li>Modulation: FM + <li>Frequency deviation: 5 KHz (signaling tones) + <li>Mobile station transmit power: Typically 25 Watts + <li>Base station transmit power: 100..250 Watts +</ul> +</p> + +<p class="toppic"> +<a name="howitworks_imts"></a> +How IMTS works +</p> + +<p> +This description is not an original standard. +It is based on my research. +There are many unknown parameters. +If you know more, please help to complete this documentation. +</p> + +<p> +Frequencies: +</p> + +<p> +<table class="imts"> +<tr><th colspan="3"> VHF Low Band </th></tr> +<tr><th>Channel</th><th>Base (MHz)</th><th>Mobile (MHz)</th></tr> +<tr><td>ZO</td><td>35.26</td><td>43.26</td></tr> +<tr><td>ZF</td><td>35.30</td><td>43.30</td></tr> +<tr><td>ZM</td><td>35.38</td><td>43.38</td></tr> +<tr><td>ZH</td><td>35.34</td><td>43.34</td></tr> +<tr><td>ZA</td><td>35.42</td><td>43.32</td></tr> +<tr><td>ZY</td><td>35.46</td><td>43.46</td></tr> +<tr><td>ZR</td><td>35.50</td><td>43.50</td></tr> +<tr><td>ZB</td><td>35.54</td><td>43.54</td></tr> +<tr><td>ZW</td><td>35.62</td><td>43.62</td></tr> +<tr><td>ZL</td><td>35.66</td><td>43.66</td></tr> +</table> +<table class="imts"> +<tr><th colspan="3"> VHF High Band </th></tr> +<tr><th>Channel</th><th>Base (MHz)</th><th>Mobile (MHz)</th></tr> +<tr><td>JJ</td><td>152.48</td><td>157.74 (Canada only)</td></tr> +<tr><td>JL</td><td>152.51</td><td>157.77</td></tr> +<tr><td>YL</td><td>152.54</td><td>157.80</td></tr> +<tr><td>JP</td><td>152.57</td><td>157.83</td></tr> +<tr><td>YP</td><td>152.60</td><td>157.86</td></tr> +<tr><td>YJ</td><td>152.63</td><td>157.89</td></tr> +<tr><td>YK</td><td>152.66</td><td>157.92</td></tr> +<tr><td>JS</td><td>152.69</td><td>157.95</td></tr> +<tr><td>YS</td><td>152.72</td><td>157.98</td></tr> +<tr><td>YR</td><td>152.75</td><td>158.01</td></tr> +<tr><td>JK</td><td>152.78</td><td>158.04</td></tr> +<tr><td>JR</td><td>152.81</td><td>158.07</td></tr> +<tr><td>JW</td><td>152.84</td><td>158.10 (Canada only)</td></tr> +</table> +<table class="imts"> +<tr><th colspan="3"> UHF Band </th></tr> +<tr><th>Channel</th><th>Base (MHz)</th><th>Mobile (MHz)</th></tr> +<tr><td>QC</td><td>454.375</td><td>459.375</td></tr> +<tr><td>QJ</td><td>454.40</td><td>459.40</td></tr> +<tr><td>QD</td><td>454.425</td><td>459.425</td></tr> +<tr><td>QA</td><td>454.45</td><td>459.45</td></tr> +<tr><td>QE</td><td>454.475</td><td>459.475</td></tr> +<tr><td>QP</td><td>454.50</td><td>459.50</td></tr> +<tr><td>QK</td><td>454.525</td><td>459.525</td></tr> +<tr><td>QB</td><td>454.55</td><td>459.55</td></tr> +<tr><td>QO</td><td>454.575</td><td>459.575</td></tr> +<tr><td>QR</td><td>454.60</td><td>459.60</td></tr> +<tr><td>QY</td><td>454.625</td><td>459.625</td></tr> +<tr><td>QF</td><td>454.65</td><td>459.65</td></tr> +</table> +</p> + +<p> +The modulation is FM. The frequency deviation of speech is 2500 Hz ??? at 1000 Hz. +Signaling tones have a frequency deviation of 5000 Hz. +Pre-Emphasis is used for speech only. +</p> + +<p> +Tones used for signaling: +</p> + +<p> +<table class="imts"> +<tr><th colspan="2"> Base -> Mobile </th></tr> +<tr><td>Idle</td><td>2000 Hz</td></tr> +<tr><td>Seize</td><td>1800 Hz</td></tr> +</table> +</p> + +<p> +<table class="imts"> +<tr><th colspan="2"> Mobile -> Base </th></tr> +<tr><td>Guard</td><td>2150 Hz</td></tr> +<tr><td>Connect</td><td>1633 Hz</td></tr> +<tr><td>Disconnect</td><td>1336 Hz</td></tr> +</table> +</p> + +<p> +Idle State: +</p> + +<p> +All transceivers of a base station that are not in use, are turned off, except for one channel, the idle channel. +Only one channel being idle will transmit the 2000 Hz Idle tone and listens for the 2150 Hz Guard tone. +If the (only) channel with the Idle tone is seized by a mobile phone or the public telephone exchange, another channel, that is turned off, is activated and sends the Idle tone and becomes the new idle channel. +</p> + +<p> +When a mobile phone is idle, it will search for a radio channel with Idle tone and suitable quality. +The transmitter will be off while the phone listens to the Idle tone or an incoming call from the base station. +When the Idle tone disappears for about 250 ms ???, it will search for another idle channel. +</p> + +<p> +Call from mobile phone: +</p> + +<p> +When the user picks up the handset of the mobile phone, the phone will seize the channel, transmits ANI and receives dial tone. +</p> + +<p> +First, the mobile phone will turn on the transmitter and sends 350 ms of 2150 Hz Guard tone, followed by 50 ms of 1633 Hz Connect tone. +As soon as the Guard tone, followed by Connect tone is detected by the base station, it will turn off 2000 Hz Idle tone and transmit silence. +(Another channel that is turned off, will then transmit the 2000 Hz Idle tone.) +Note that the base station has to respond even before the 50 ms of the Connect tone is over. +The mobile phone must detect the silence from the base station before it is done sending the Connect tone. +(There are special requirements on SDR/soundcard setup to respond fast enough.) +The mobile phone then continues to send Guard tone and waits for the base station to respond with the 1800 Hz Seize tone. +Note that there seems to be no timeout in the mobile phone, waiting for Seize tone. +The base station sends 250 ms of the Seize tone. +</p> + +<p> +If the mobile phone receives the Seize tone, it will send the ANI sequence. +The ANI sequence consists of 190 ms of Guard tone, followed by 7 pulsed digits. +Each digit is formed by pulses consisting of 25 ms Mark tone and 25 ms of Space tone. +After the last pulse of each digit the mobile phone sends 190 ms of Space tone. +The Mark tone is transmitted as 1633 Hz Connect tone. +The Space tone is transmitted as silence, if the pulse number was odd. +The Space tone is transmitted as 2150 Hz Guard tone, if the pulse number was even. +The pulse number is counted from the first pulse of the first digit through the last pulse of the last digit. +The mobile phone will then through-connect speech path, the user awaits the dial tone. +</p> + +<p> +The base station verifies the received ANI and presents a dial tone or forwards the call to an operator. +</p> + +<p> +When a number is dialed from a mobile phone, Guard tone is sent continuously as soon a the dial goes off normal (when the dial is moved from its resting position), which should be about 400 ms ???. +Each digit is formed by pulses consisting of 60 ms Mark tone and 40 ms of Space tone. +The Mark tone is transmitted as 1633 Hz Connect tone. +The Space tone is transmitted as 2150 Hz Guard tone. +The Space tone continues until the dial returned to normal, which should be about 200 ms ???. +</p> + +<p> +Call towards mobile phone: +</p> + +<p> +The land user dials the phone number of the mobile phone. +It consists of the 3 digit area code and the 4 digit suffix. +The 3 digit prefix (mobile exchange) is omitted when paging the mobile phone. +</p> + +<p> +First, the base station selects the idle channel that is transmitting the 2000 Hz Idle tone. +(Another channel that is turned off, will then transmit the 2000 Hz Idle tone.) +If there is no channel available, the land user receives a busy signal. +The 7 digit number is transmitted towards the mobile phone via alternating tones. +The base station transmits a 1800 Hz Seize tone for about 400 ms (???) before, between and after each digit. +Each digit is formed by pulses consisting of 50 ms Mark tone and 50 ms of Space tone. +The Mark tone is transmitted as 2000 Hz Idle tone. +The Space tone is transmitted as 1800 Hz Seize tone. +The base station will start timer for 3 to 4 seconds waiting for the mobile phone to respond with a 2150 Hz Guard tone. +</p> + +<p> +If the mobile phone receives digits from base station, it compares the digits with its own number. +If the number does not match, it will abort and scan for the idle channel. +If the number matches the mobile phone will transmit the Guard tone up to 750 ms, waiting for the ringing sequence. +After sending Guard tone, the mobile phone will ring and wait for answer. +</p> + +<p> +If the base station does not receive the Guard tone from the mobile phone, it will return to idle state. +The land user will receive an announcement that the called phone is not available at this moment. +If the base station receives the Guard tone from the mobile phone, it will send a ringing sequence for about 45 seconds. +Ringing by the base station is composed of 1800 Hz Seize tone and 2000 Hz Idle tone, each alternating after 25 ms for 2 seconds, then 4 seconds of Seize tone. +</p> + +<p> +The mobile phone rings the bell using the tones received from the base station. +If the 1800 Hz Seize tone disappears, the phone stops ringing and returns to idle channel. +</p> + +<p> +If the user of the mobile phone answers, the mobile phone transmits 1633 Hz Connect tone for 400 ms and through-connects speech path. +</p> + +<p> +If the base station receives the Connect tone, it will stop the ringing sequence, answers the call from the land user and through-connect the speech path. +</p> + + +<p> +Release by the mobile phone: +</p> + +<p> +If the mobile user hangs up, the mobile phone starts the release sequence by sending alternating 1336 Hz Release tone and 2150 Hz Guard tone, 25 ms each. +After 750 ms sending that sequence, the mobile phone turns off transmitter and searches for idle channel. +</p> + +<p> +When the base station receives the release sequence, it will return to idle state. +</p> + + +<p> +Release by the base station: +</p> + +<p> +When the mobile phone is ringing, it will stop if the base station removes the ringing sequence. +There is no release sequence to release an a active call towards mobile phone. +</p> + +<p class="toppic"> +<a name="howitworks_mts"></a> +How MTS works +</p> + +<p> +Base station in Idle state: +</p> + +<p> +The base station uses a 600 Hz tone to indicate an idle channel. +Similarly to the IMTS, only one idle channel send the 600 Hz tone, the other channels are turned off. +</p> + +<p> +Call from mobile phone +</p> + +<p> +The mobile station does not send any signaling tone at all. +The radio signal is used to start a call. +Whenever the user picks up the phone and presses the push-to-talk button, a connection is made to an operator. +The operation is half duplex, so there is no release by stopping transmission of the mobile phone. +The operator has to terminate the call. +</p> + +<p> +Call from base station +</p> + +<p> +To page a mobile phone, the operator has to dial the 5 digits of the mobile phone. +The operator has to add the digit '1' in front of the 5 digit subscriber ID. +This digit is used to reset the paging detector inside mobile phone. +Note that the subscriber ID must not have a digit '1'. +Each pulse from the base station is a transition from 600 Hz to 1500 Hz or from 1500 Hz to 600 Hz. +Two or more pulses are separated 100 ms. +Each digit is separated 400 ms ???. +After the last pulse of the last digit, the tone sustains until the caller hangs up. +The mobile phone rings. +To answer the call, the user presses the push-to-talk button. +The ringing can be released by sending another transition pulse or by removing the tone for a short time. (This is for further study.) +</p> + +<p class="toppic"> +<a name="basestation_imts"></a> +Setup of an IMTS base station +</p> + +<p> +Find out what band and channels your phone supports. Then get a list of all available bands and channels: +</p> + +<pre> + +# src/imts/imts -k list + +</pre> + +<p> +Assume the phone supports VHF Low band, so we select channel 'YK' with the command line option '-k YK', or select any other channel your phone supports. +In order to have a low latency, you must add '-b 5' to the command line option. +Then tune the transmitter to the indicated channel and receiver to the other indicated channel. +Transmit with a normal loud speech volume, but not too loud. +The actual level is not yet relevant. +</p> + +<pre> + +# src/imts/imts -k YK -b 5 +... +imts.c:381 info : Entering IDLE state on channel YK, sending 2000 Hz tone. +imts.c:336 notice : Created channel #YK +Base station on channel YK ready, please tune transmitter to 152.660 MHz and receiver to 157.920 MHz. (-5.260 MHz offset) +on-hook: ....... (enter digits 0..9) + +</pre> + + +<p> +If you receive permanent buffer underruns, see 'Fast Seize' below. +Power on your phone. +Be sure to use attenuator on the antenna, so it will not transmit full 25 Watts close to your receiver equipment. +The phone should search and stop at the selected channel. +If the phone does not support automatic channel selection, select channel YK manually. +</p> + +<p> +Now pick up the handset of your phone and it should transmit the Guard tone, followed by a short Connect tone. +If the phone does not lock or does not transmit, check if your transmitter transmits the Idle tone. +If the phone transmits, your base station should respond to the seize sequence by the phone and the phone transmits ANI towards your base station. +</p> + +<pre> + +# src/imts/imts -k YK -b 5 +... +imts.c:381 info : Entering IDLE state on channel YK, sending 2000 Hz tone. +imts.c:336 notice : Created channel #YK +Base station on channel YK ready, please tune transmitter to 152.660 MHz and receiver to 157.920 MHz. (-5.260 MHz offset) +imts.c:886 notice : Received Guard tone, turning off IDLE tone +imts.c:544 info : Received seize (Guard + Connect tone) from mobile phone. +imts.c:545 info : -> Guard tone duration: 350 ms (level 69%) +imts.c:408 info : All channels are busy now, cannot activate any other channel. +imts.c:907 notice : Sending Seize to mobile phone. +imts.c:784 info : Received ANI digit '2' from mobile phone (level 71%). +imts.c:784 info : Received ANI digit '1' from mobile phone (level 77%). +imts.c:784 info : Received ANI digit '6' from mobile phone (level 77%). +imts.c:784 info : Received ANI digit '2' from mobile phone (level 77%). +imts.c:784 info : Received ANI digit '6' from mobile phone (level 77%). +imts.c:784 info : Received ANI digit '3' from mobile phone (level 71%). +imts.c:784 info : Received ANI digit '0' from mobile phone (level 71%). +imts.c:790 info : ANI '2162630' complete, sending dial tone. + +</pre> + +<p> +If the base station does not receive Guard tone or receives bad ANI digits, check the receiver and the receive level. +To test the receiver side, tune the receiver to the frequency of the transmitter and check the loopback signal. Adjust your receiver (sound card input) to match about 100% level: +</p> + +<pre> + +... +imts.c:876 notice : Received idle tone (level of 97%), loopback? +imts.c:876 notice : Received idle tone (level of 97%), loopback? +imts.c:876 notice : Received idle tone (level of 97%), loopback? +imts.c:876 notice : Received idle tone (level of 97%), loopback? +... + +</pre> + +<p> +Return your receiver to the uplink frequency and try to make a call again. +If it works, use you dial pad (or rotary dial) to dial the number. +</p> + +<p> +To call towards mobile station, enter the 7 digit mobile station ID on your keyboard or add it to the command line. +Use the same phone number you received with the ANI above, this is your mobile station ID. +Then press 'd' to page and ring the phone: +</p> + +<pre> + +... +mncc_console.c:358 info : Outgoing call to '2162630' +call.c:699 info : Received MNCC call from fixed network '' to mobile '2162630' +call.c:706 info : Indicate MNCC call confirm towards fixed network +call.c:717 info : Outgoing call from '' to '2162630' +imts.c:1176 info : Call to mobile station, paging number: 2162630 +imts.c:445 info : Entering paging state, sending phone's ID '2162630'. +imts.c:408 info : All channels are busy now, cannot activate any other channel. +imts.c:942 info : Sending paging digit '2' as pulses. +imts.c:942 info : Sending paging digit '1' as pulses. +imts.c:942 info : Sending paging digit '6' as pulses. +imts.c:942 info : Sending paging digit '2' as pulses. +imts.c:942 info : Sending paging digit '6' as pulses. +imts.c:942 info : Sending paging digit '3' as pulses. +imts.c:942 info : Sending paging digit '0' as pulses. +imts.c:755 info : Received acknowledge (Guard tone) from mobile phone (level 71%). +call.c:440 info : Call is alerting +call.c:428 info : Indicate MNCC alerting towards fixed network +mncc_console.c:202 info : Call alerting +imts.c:466 info : Received response from mobile phone, ringing. +imts.c:1013 info : Sending ringing signal as pulses. +imts.c:1022 info : Sending pause after ringing. +imts.c:1013 info : Sending ringing signal as pulses. +imts.c:1022 info : Sending pause after ringing. +imts.c:763 info : Received answer (Connect tone) from mobile phone (level 75%). +call.c:478 info : Call has been answered by '2162630' +call.c:466 info : Indicate MNCC answer towards fixed network +mncc_console.c:206 info : Call connected to '2162630' +imts.c:476 info : Received answer from mobile phone, conversation started. + +</pre> + +<p> +To disconnect a call, the phone must be hung up: +</p> + +<pre> + +... +imts.c:654 info : Received disconnect sequence from mobile phone (level 90%). +imts.c:418 info : Turing transmitter off. +imts.c:381 info : Entering IDLE state on channel YK, sending 2000 Hz tone. + +</pre> + +<p> +Level adjustment: +</p> + +<p> +Don't care about it, if you use SDR, since levels are always correctly modulated. +Now it is time to actually care about the correct transmit and received level. +In the example above you see a level around 70..77%. +Now tune your receiver to your transmitter frequency again. +Adjust the level to something around 73% using a variable resistor on my soundcard's input. (+- 10% is good) +</p> + +<pre> + +... +imts.c:876 notice : Received idle tone (level of 88%), loopback? +imts.c:876 notice : Received idle tone (level of 76%), loopback? +imts.c:876 notice : Received idle tone (level of 73%), loopback? +imts.c:876 notice : Received idle tone (level of 73%), loopback? +imts.c:876 notice : Received idle tone (level of 73%), loopback? +imts.c:876 notice : Received idle tone (level of 73%), loopback? +... + +</pre> + +<p> +Now, whatever frequency deviation the phone transmits for signaling, so does your base station. (Around 73% in this case.) +Use the other variable resistor (connecting your receiver) to adjust the volume until the level matches about 100%. (+- 10% is good) +Switch back the receiver to up-link frequency and see the result from your phone. (You should now receive the phone at around 100%.) +</p> + +<p> +Pre- and De-Emphasis: +</p> + +<p> +In order to have correct level of signaling tones, your transmitter and your receiver should not use pre- and de-emphasis. +Let this software do that instead, then the signaling tones do not use pre-emphasis, just the voice. +If possible, add command line option '-p' for pre-emphasis of the transmit signal and '-d' for de-ephasis of the received signal. +Don't care about it, if you use SDR, since pre-emphasis and de-emphasis is automatically selected and used. +</p> + +<p> +Fast seize detection: +</p> + +<p> +Sometimes your sound device might not be fast enough to handle a small sound buffer. +The maximum buffer of 5 ms (command line option '-b 5') might cause repeating trouble: +</p> + +<pre> + +sound_alsa.c:458 error : Buffer underrun: Please use higher latency and enable real time scheduling +sound_alsa.c:127 error : cannot prepare audio interface for use (Device or resource busy) +sender.c:330 error : Failed to get number of samples in buffer (rc = -32)! +sender.c:338 error : Trying to recover! + +</pre> + +<p> +<font color="red"> +We must not increase buffer, because we would detect the Connect tone too late, so we would respond too late. +We must respond before we detect the Connect tone, so that our response matches the time the Connect tone is actually transmitted by the phone. +</font> +</p> + +<p> +To do this we must measure the length of the Guard tone. +First pick up the phone and remember the Guard tone duration. +It should be close to 350 ms. +</p> + +<pre> + +imts.c:544 info : Received seize (Guard + Connect tone) from mobile phone. +imts.c:545 info : -> Guard tone duration: 349 ms (level 99%) + +</pre> + +<p> +Now put the base station into loopback mode and tune receiver to transmitter or loop soundcard's output to input. +</p> + +<pre> + +# src/imts/imts -k YK -l 2 +... +imts.c:942 info : Sending paging digit '1' as pulses. +imts.c:861 info : Received paging test digit '1' (level 103% delay 68 ms). +imts.c:942 info : Sending paging digit '2' as pulses. +imts.c:861 info : Received paging test digit '2' (level 103% delay 67 ms). +imts.c:942 info : Sending paging digit '3' as pulses. +imts.c:861 info : Received paging test digit '3' (level 103% delay 67 ms). + +</pre> + +<p> +In this case the soundcard's round trip delay is 67 ms. +Substract 67 from 349 and you get 282. +Add '-F 282' to command line option, instead of '-b 5'. +Now we react about 282 ms after we detected the start of the Guard tone. +The reaction now matches the time when the phone transmits the Connect tone. +(Tested with a Limermore LAP-2000 phone.) +</p> + +<p> +Detecting loss of carrier signal: +</p> + +<p> +This works with SDR only, because we do not have any RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) signal from a radio connected to the sound card. +With SDR we know the RX level, so we can define a threshold value for a lost signal. +Use '-S <db>' or '--squelch <db>' to define the squelch threshold level. +To measure the noise floor, use the 'm' key to get a bar graph of the current RSSI. (RF level) +Add some dB to the noise floor for the squelch threshold value. +An easier way is to use '-S auto' or '--squelch auto' to automatically measure the noise floor level and then automatically use a threshold level that is some dB above this measured level. +This level is then used to detect loss of carrier. +Also this level is used to mute the audio path, whenever the signal gets lost for a short time. +After about 12 seconds of signal loss, a call is released. +</p> + +<pre> +... +squelch.c:94 info : RF signal measurement: -69.2 dB noise floor, using threshold of -63.2 dB +... +</pre> + +<p> +In the following example I cut off the power of the phone being in a call and waited 12 seconds for the base station to time out: +</p> + +<pre> +... +squelch.c:114 info : RF signal weak: Muting audio (RF -77.6 dB < -70.7 db) +imts.c:491 notice : Detected loss of signal after 12 seconds, releasing. +... +</pre> + +<p class="toppic"> +<a name="basestation_mts"></a> +Setup of an MTS base station +</p> + +<p> +To detect an outgoing call or answer from a mobile phone, it is required to use squelch. +Squelch is only available with SDR support. +The command line option '-M' is used to switch to MTS mode. +Also we use loopback mode '-l 2' to test RF loopback. +Alternatively use '-l 1' to perform an internal loopback. +The following example shows setup with LimeSDR (not LimeSDR mini!): +</p> + +<pre> + +# src/imts/imts --limesdr -k JS -M -l 2 +... +imts.c:443 info : Entering paging test state, sending digits 1234567890. +imts.c:408 info : All channels are busy now, cannot activate any other channel. +imts.c:336 notice : Created channel #JS +Base station on channel JS ready, please tune transmitter to 152.690 MHz and receiver to 157.950 MHz. (-5.260 MHz offset) +... +imts.c:861 info : Received paging test digit '1' (level 98% delay 9139 ms). +imts.c:992 info : Sending paging digit '1' as pulses. +imts.c:861 info : Received paging test digit '1' (level 100% delay 80 ms). +imts.c:992 info : Sending paging digit '2' as pulses. +imts.c:861 info : Received paging test digit '2' (level 100% delay 78 ms). +imts.c:992 info : Sending paging digit '3' as pulses. +imts.c:861 info : Received paging test digit '3' (level 100% delay 77 ms). +imts.c:992 info : Sending paging digit '4' as pulses. +imts.c:861 info : Received paging test digit '4' (level 100% delay 78 ms). +imts.c:992 info : Sending paging digit '5' as pulses. +imts.c:861 info : Received paging test digit '5' (level 100% delay 77 ms). +imts.c:992 info : Sending paging digit '6' as pulses. +... + +</pre> + +<p> +Now run the base station without loopback. +Add "-S auto" to use squelch level with automatic level calibration. +Be sure to have an attenuator, so you do not saturate your input of your SDR. +Refer to the SDR help page for more information and input level display. +The following example shows a call from mobile phone, just by transmitting toward base station: +</p> + +<pre> + +# src/imts/imts --limesdr -k JS -M -S auto +... +squelch.c:61 info : RF signal squelch: Use automatic threshold +imts.c:386 info : Entering IDLE state on channel JS, sending 600 Hz tone. +imts.c:336 notice : Created channel #JS +Base station on channel JS ready, please tune transmitter to 152.690 MHz and receiver to 157.950 MHz. (-5.260 MHz offset) +... +dsp.c:466 info : Low RF level, muting. +squelch.c:99 info : RF signal measurement: -69.9 dB noise floor, using squelch threshold of -59.9 dB +squelch.c:99 info : RF signal measurement: -70.2 dB noise floor, using squelch threshold of -60.2 dB +squelch.c:112 info : RF signal strong: Unmuting audio (RF -54.2 >= -60.2 dB) +dsp.c:476 info : High RF level, unmuting; turning transmitter on. +imts.c:506 info : Detectes RF signal in IDLE mode, calling the opterator at '010'. +call.c:405 info : Incoming call from 'unknown' to '010' +call.c:407 info : -> Call to Operator '010' +call.c:385 info : Indicate MNCC setup towards fixed network +mncc_console.c:165 info : Incoming call from '' +mncc_console.c:196 info : Call automatically answered +call.c:744 info : Received MNCC answer from fixed network +call.c:746 info : Call answered +call.c:748 info : Indicate MNCC setup complete towards fixed network + +</pre> + +<p> +To terminate the call, press 'h': +</p> + +<pre> + +mncc_console.c:388 info : Call hangup +call.c:774 info : Received MNCC release from fixed network with cause 16 +call.c:778 info : Call released toward mobile network +imts.c:1237 info : Call has been released by network, releasing call. +imts.c:1254 notice : Outgoing release, during call, releasing! +imts.c:418 info : Turing transmitter off. +imts.c:386 info : Entering IDLE state on channel JS, sending 600 Hz tone. + +</pre> + +<p> +To call the mobile phone, enter the number as command line parameter or after running the base station. +Then press 'd' to dial the number. +If the phone rings, answer by start transmitting: +</p> + +<pre> + +on-hook: 23042 (press d=dial) +mncc_console.c:358 info : Outgoing call to '23042' +call.c:699 info : Received MNCC call from fixed network '' to mobile '23042' +call.c:706 info : Indicate MNCC call confirm towards fixed network +call.c:717 info : Outgoing call from '' to '23042' +imts.c:1177 info : Call to mobile station, paging number: 23042 +imts.c:445 info : Entering paging state, sending phone's ID '23042'. +imts.c:408 info : All channels are busy now, cannot activate any other channel. +imts.c:992 info : Sending paging digit '2' as pulses. +imts.c:992 info : Sending paging digit '3' as pulses. +imts.c:992 info : Sending paging digit '0' as pulses. +imts.c:992 info : Sending paging digit '4' as pulses. +imts.c:992 info : Sending paging digit '2' as pulses. +imts.c:975 info : Digits complete, assuming the phone is ringing. +call.c:440 info : Call is alerting +call.c:428 info : Indicate MNCC alerting towards fixed network +mncc_console.c:202 info : Call alerting +... +squelch.c:112 info : RF signal strong: Unmuting audio (RF -66.5 &g6;= -67.7 dB) +dsp.c:476 info : High RF level, unmuting. +imts.c:520 info : Detected RF signal, mobile is now transmitting. +call.c:478 info : Call has been answered by '23042' +call.c:466 info : Indicate MNCC answer towards fixed network +mncc_console.c:206 info : Call connected to '23042' +imts.c:476 info : Received answer from mobile phone, conversation started. + +</pre> + +<p> +Use MTS with 7 digit ID or IMTS with 5 digit ID: +</p> + +<p> +Some later phone allow to operate in IMTS and MTS networks. +In order to roam, the caller ID length can be different. +Use command line option '-5' to use IMTS mode with 5 digit IDs. +Use command line option '-7' to use MTS mode with 7 digit IDs. +</p> + +<hr><center>[<a href="index.html">Back to main page</a>]</center><hr> +</td></tr></table></center> +</body> +</html> diff --git a/docs/imts.jpg b/docs/imts.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..cd9db3e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/imts.jpg diff --git a/docs/imts_small.jpg b/docs/imts_small.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..dadccfc --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/imts_small.jpg diff --git a/docs/index.html b/docs/index.html index 568749b..90fde54 100644 --- a/docs/index.html +++ b/docs/index.html @@ -31,20 +31,20 @@ <th>NMT (Nordic Mobile Telephone)</th> </tr> <tr> + <td><img src="imts_small.jpg" title="(Improved) Mobile Telephone Service"/></td> <td><img src="amps_small.jpg" title="Advanced Mobile Phone Service"/></td> - <td><img src="tv_small.jpg" title="TV signal generator and transmitter"/></td> </tr> <tr> + <th>MTS / IMTS (USA / Canada)</th> <th>AMPS (USA) / TACS (UK / Ireland / Italy)</th> - <th>Transmit TV test image signals</th> </tr> <tr> + <td><img src="tv_small.jpg" title="TV signal generator and transmitter"/></td> <td><img src="setup_small.jpg"/></td> - <td></td> </tr> <tr> + <th>Transmit TV test image signals</th> <th>my early radio setup</th> - <th></th> </tr> </table> </center> @@ -88,6 +88,7 @@ Implemented networks: <li><a href="b-netz.html">B-Netz</a> (Germany) ATF-1 (Netherlands)</li> <li><a href="c-netz.html">C-Netz</a> (Germany)</li> <li><a href="nmt.html">NMT 450 / 900 - Nordic Mobile Telephone</a> (Scandinavia)</li> + <li><a href="imts.html">MTS / IMTS - (Improved) Mobile Telephone Service</a> (USA / Canada)</li> <li><a href="amps.html">AMPS - Advanced Mobile Phone Service</a> (USA)</li> <li><a href="tacs.html">TACS / JTACS - Total Access Communication System</a> (UK/Italy/Japan)</li> <li><a href="radiocom2000.html">Radiocom 2000</a> (France)</li> diff --git a/docs/style.css b/docs/style.css index 248c72d..06b6850 100644 --- a/docs/style.css +++ b/docs/style.css @@ -74,12 +74,21 @@ td { table.nmt { width: 400px; border-spacing: 0px; - border:4px solid black; - border-collapse:collapse; + border: 4px solid black; + border-collapse: collapse; } td.nmt { padding: 3px; - border:4px solid black + border: 4px solid black; +} + +table.imts { + width: 600px; + text-align: center; + table-layout: fixed; + border-spacing: 0px; + border: none; + border-collapse: collapse; } li { |
