aboutsummaryrefslogtreecommitdiffstats
path: root/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_tests.c
blob: 71f971352bf0e9ab927350098eff8517e2400553 (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
/* Osmocom MSC+VLR end-to-end tests */

/* (C) 2017 by sysmocom s.f.m.c. GmbH <info@sysmocom.de>
 *
 * All Rights Reserved
 *
 * Author: Neels Hofmeyr <nhofmeyr@sysmocom.de>
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
 * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 *
 */

#include <getopt.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#include <osmocom/core/logging.h>
#include <osmocom/core/utils.h>
#include <osmocom/core/msgb.h>
#include <osmocom/core/application.h>
#include <osmocom/gsm/protocol/gsm_04_11.h>
#include <osmocom/gsm/gsup.h>
#include <openbsc/gsup_client.h>
#include <openbsc/gsm_04_11.h>
#include <openbsc/bsc_subscriber.h>
#include <openbsc/debug.h>

#if BUILD_IU
#include <openbsc/iucs_ranap.h>
#include <osmocom/ranap/iu_client.h>
#else
#include <openbsc/iu_dummy.h>
#endif

#include "msc_vlr_tests.h"

bool _log_lines = false;

struct gsm_network *net = NULL;

struct gsm_bts *the_bts;

const char *gsup_tx_expected = NULL;
bool gsup_tx_confirmed;

struct msgb *dtap_tx_expected = NULL;
bool dtap_tx_confirmed;

enum result_sent lu_result_sent;
enum result_sent cm_service_result_sent;
bool auth_request_sent;
const char *auth_request_expect_rand;
const char *auth_request_expect_autn;
bool cipher_mode_cmd_sent;
bool cipher_mode_cmd_sent_with_imeisv;

bool iu_release_expected = false;
bool iu_release_sent = false;
bool bssap_clear_expected = false;
bool bssap_clear_sent = false;

struct msgb *msgb_from_hex(const char *label, uint16_t size, const char *hex)
{
	struct msgb *msg = msgb_alloc(size, label);
	unsigned char *rc;
	msg->l2h = msg->head;
	rc = msgb_put(msg, osmo_hexparse(hex, msg->head, msgb_tailroom(msg)));
	OSMO_ASSERT(rc == msg->l2h);
	return msg;
}

const char *gh_type_name(struct gsm48_hdr *gh)
{
	return gsm48_pdisc_msgtype_name(gsm48_hdr_pdisc(gh),
					gsm48_hdr_msg_type(gh));
}

const char *msg_type_name(struct msgb *msg)
{
	return gh_type_name((void*)msg->data);
}

void dtap_expect_tx(const char *hex)
{
	/* Has the previously expected dtap been received? */
	OSMO_ASSERT(!dtap_tx_expected);
	if (!hex)
		return;
	dtap_tx_expected = msgb_from_hex("dtap_tx_expected", 1024, hex);
	dtap_tx_confirmed = false;
}

void dtap_expect_tx_ussd(char *ussd_text)
{
	uint8_t ussd_enc[128];
	int len;
	/* header */
	char ussd_msg_hex[128] = "8b2a1c27a225020100302002013b301b04010f0416";

	log("expecting USSD:\n  %s", ussd_text);
	/* append encoded USSD text */
	gsm_7bit_encode_n_ussd(ussd_enc, sizeof(ussd_enc), ussd_text,
			       &len);
	strncat(ussd_msg_hex, osmo_hexdump_nospc(ussd_enc, len),
		sizeof(ussd_msg_hex) - strlen(ussd_msg_hex));
	dtap_expect_tx(ussd_msg_hex);
}

int vlr_gsupc_read_cb(struct gsup_client *gsupc, struct msgb *msg);

void gsup_rx(const char *rx_hex, const char *expect_tx_hex)
{
	int rc;
	struct msgb *msg;
	const char *label;

	gsup_expect_tx(expect_tx_hex);

	msg = msgb_from_hex("gsup", 1024, rx_hex);
	label = osmo_gsup_message_type_name(msg->l2h[0]);
	fprintf(stderr, "<-- GSUP rx %s: %s\n", label,
		osmo_hexdump_nospc(msgb_l2(msg), msgb_l2len(msg)));
	rc = vlr_gsupc_read_cb(net->vlr->gsup_client, msg);
	fprintf(stderr, "<-- GSUP rx %s: vlr_gsupc_read_cb() returns %d\n",
		label, rc);
	if (expect_tx_hex)
		OSMO_ASSERT(gsup_tx_confirmed);
	talloc_free(msg);
}

bool conn_exists(struct gsm_subscriber_connection *conn)
{
	struct gsm_subscriber_connection *c;
	llist_for_each_entry(c, &net->subscr_conns, entry) {
		if (c == conn)
			return true;
	}
	return false;
}

enum ran_type rx_from_ran = RAN_GERAN_A;

struct gsm_subscriber_connection *conn_new(void)
{
	struct gsm_subscriber_connection *conn;
	conn = msc_subscr_con_allocate(net);
	conn->bts = the_bts;
	conn->via_ran = rx_from_ran;
	if (conn->via_ran == RAN_UTRAN_IU) {
		struct ranap_ue_conn_ctx *ue_ctx = talloc_zero(conn, struct ranap_ue_conn_ctx);
		*ue_ctx = (struct ranap_ue_conn_ctx){
			.conn_id = 42,
		};
		conn->iu.ue_ctx = ue_ctx;
	}
	return conn;
}

struct gsm_subscriber_connection *g_conn = NULL;

void rx_from_ms(struct msgb *msg)
{
	int rc;

	struct gsm48_hdr *gh = msgb_l3(msg);

	log("MSC <--%s-- MS: %s",
	    ran_type_name(rx_from_ran),
	    gh_type_name(gh));

	if (g_conn && !conn_exists(g_conn))
		g_conn = NULL;

	if (!g_conn) {
		log("new conn");
		g_conn = conn_new();
		rc = msc_compl_l3(g_conn, msg, 23);
		if (rc == BSC_API_CONN_POL_REJECT) {
			msc_subscr_con_free(g_conn);
			g_conn = NULL;
		}
	} else {
		if ((gsm48_hdr_pdisc(gh) == GSM48_PDISC_RR)
		    && (gsm48_hdr_msg_type(gh) == GSM48_MT_RR_CIPH_M_COMPL))
			msc_cipher_mode_compl(g_conn, msg, 0);
		else
			msc_dtap(g_conn, 23, msg);
	}

	if (g_conn && !conn_exists(g_conn))
		g_conn = NULL;
}

void ms_sends_msg(const char *hex)
{
	struct msgb *msg;

	msg = msgb_from_hex("ms_sends_msg", 1024, hex);
	msg->l1h = msg->l2h = msg->l3h = msg->data;
	rx_from_ms(msg);
	talloc_free(msg);
}

int ms_sends_msg_fake(uint8_t pdisc, uint8_t msg_type)
{
	int rc;
	struct msgb *msg;
	struct gsm48_hdr *gh;

	msg = msgb_alloc(1024, "ms_sends_msg_fake");
	msg->l1h = msg->l2h = msg->l3h = msg->data;

	gh = (struct gsm48_hdr*)msgb_put(msg, sizeof(*gh));
	gh->proto_discr = pdisc;
	gh->msg_type = msg_type;
	/* some amount of data, whatever */
	msgb_put(msg, 123);

	rc = gsm0408_dispatch(g_conn, msg);

	talloc_free(msg);
	return rc;
}

void thwart_rx_non_initial_requests()
{
	log("requests shall be thwarted");
	OSMO_ASSERT(ms_sends_msg_fake(GSM48_PDISC_CC, GSM48_MT_CC_SETUP) == -EACCES);
	OSMO_ASSERT(ms_sends_msg_fake(GSM48_PDISC_MM, 0x33 /* nonexistent */) == -EACCES);
	OSMO_ASSERT(ms_sends_msg_fake(GSM48_PDISC_RR, GSM48_MT_RR_SYSINFO_1) == -EACCES);
	OSMO_ASSERT(ms_sends_msg_fake(GSM48_PDISC_SMS, GSM411_MT_CP_DATA) == -EACCES);
}

void send_sms(struct vlr_subscr *receiver,
	      struct vlr_subscr *sender,
	      char *str)
{
	struct gsm_sms *sms = sms_from_text(receiver, sender, 0, str);
	gsm411_send_sms_subscr(receiver, sms);
}

unsigned char next_rand_byte = 0;
/* override, requires '-Wl,--wrap=RAND_bytes' */
int __real_RAND_bytes(unsigned char *buf, int num);
int __wrap_RAND_bytes(unsigned char *buf, int num)
{
	int i;
	for (i = 0; i < num; i++)
		buf[i] = next_rand_byte++;
	return 1;
}

/* override, requires '-Wl,--wrap=gsm340_gen_scts' */
void __real_gsm340_gen_scts(uint8_t *scts, time_t time);
void __wrap_gsm340_gen_scts(uint8_t *scts, time_t time)
{
	/* Write fixed time bytes for deterministic test results */
	osmo_hexparse("07101000000000", scts, 7);
}

const char *paging_expecting_imsi = NULL;
uint32_t paging_expecting_tmsi;
bool paging_sent;
bool paging_stopped;

void paging_expect_imsi(const char *imsi)
{
	paging_expecting_imsi = imsi;
	paging_expecting_tmsi = GSM_RESERVED_TMSI;
}

void paging_expect_tmsi(uint32_t tmsi)
{
	paging_expecting_tmsi = tmsi;
	paging_expecting_imsi = NULL;
}

int _paging_sent(enum ran_type via_ran, const char *imsi, uint32_t tmsi, uint32_t lac)
{
	log("%s sends out paging request to IMSI %s, TMSI 0x%08x, LAC %u",
	    ran_type_name(via_ran), imsi, tmsi, lac);
	OSMO_ASSERT(paging_expecting_imsi || (paging_expecting_tmsi != GSM_RESERVED_TMSI));
	if (paging_expecting_imsi)
		VERBOSE_ASSERT(strcmp(paging_expecting_imsi, imsi), == 0, "%d");
	if (paging_expecting_tmsi != GSM_RESERVED_TMSI) {
		VERBOSE_ASSERT(paging_expecting_tmsi, == tmsi, "0x%08x");
	}
	paging_sent = true;
	paging_stopped = false;
	return 1;
}

/* override, requires '-Wl,--wrap=ranap_iu_page_cs' */
int __real_ranap_iu_page_cs(const char *imsi, const uint32_t *tmsi, uint16_t lac);
int __wrap_ranap_iu_page_cs(const char *imsi, const uint32_t *tmsi, uint16_t lac)
{
	return _paging_sent(RAN_UTRAN_IU, imsi, tmsi ? *tmsi : GSM_RESERVED_TMSI, lac);
}

/* override, requires '-Wl,--wrap=a_iface_tx_paging' */
int __real_a_iface_tx_paging(const char *imsi, uint32_t tmsi, uint16_t lac);
int __wrap_a_iface_tx_paging(const char *imsi, uint32_t tmsi, uint16_t lac)
{
	return _paging_sent(RAN_GERAN_A, imsi, tmsi, lac);
}

/* override, requires '-Wl,--wrap=msc_stop_paging' */
void __real_msc_stop_paging(struct vlr_subscr *vsub);
void __wrap_msc_stop_paging(struct vlr_subscr *vsub)
{
	paging_stopped = true;
}

void clear_vlr()
{
	struct vlr_subscr *vsub, *n;
	llist_for_each_entry_safe(vsub, n, &net->vlr->subscribers, list) {
		vlr_subscr_free(vsub);
	}

	net->authentication_required = false;
	net->a5_encryption = VLR_CIPH_NONE;
	net->vlr->cfg.check_imei_rqd = false;
	net->vlr->cfg.assign_tmsi = false;
	net->vlr->cfg.retrieve_imeisv_early = false;
	net->vlr->cfg.retrieve_imeisv_ciphered = false;

	rx_from_ran = RAN_GERAN_A;
	auth_request_sent = false;
	auth_request_expect_rand = NULL;
	auth_request_expect_autn = NULL;

	next_rand_byte = 0;

	iu_release_expected = false;
	iu_release_sent = false;
	bssap_clear_expected = false;
	bssap_clear_sent = false;

	osmo_gettimeofday_override = false;
}

static struct log_info_cat test_categories[] = {
	[DMSC] = {
		.name = "DMSC",
		.description = "Mobile Switching Center",
		.enabled = 1, .loglevel = LOGL_DEBUG,
	},
	[DRLL] = {
		.name = "DRLL",
		.description = "A-bis Radio Link Layer (RLL)",
		.enabled = 1, .loglevel = LOGL_DEBUG,
	},
	[DMM] = {
		.name = "DMM",
		.description = "Layer3 Mobility Management (MM)",
		.enabled = 1, .loglevel = LOGL_DEBUG,
	},
	[DRR] = {
		.name = "DRR",
		.description = "Layer3 Radio Resource (RR)",
		.enabled = 1, .loglevel = LOGL_DEBUG,
	},
	[DCC] = {
		.name = "DCC",
		.description = "Layer3 Call Control (CC)",
		.enabled = 1, .loglevel = LOGL_NOTICE,
	},
	[DMM] = {
		.name = "DMM",
		.description = "Layer3 Mobility Management (MM)",
		.enabled = 1, .loglevel = LOGL_DEBUG,
	},
	[DVLR] = {
		.name = "DVLR",
		.description = "Visitor Location Register",
		.enabled = 1, .loglevel = LOGL_DEBUG,
	},
	[DREF] = {
		.name = "DREF",
		.description = "Reference Counting",
		.enabled = 1, .loglevel = LOGL_DEBUG,
	},
	[DPAG]	= {
		.name = "DPAG",
		.description = "Paging Subsystem",
		.enabled = 1, .loglevel = LOGL_DEBUG,
	},
	[DIUCS] = {
		.name = "DIUCS",
		.description = "Iu-CS Protocol",
		.enabled = 1, .loglevel = LOGL_DEBUG,
	},
};

static struct log_info info = {
	.cat = test_categories,
	.num_cat = ARRAY_SIZE(test_categories),
};

extern void *tall_bsc_ctx;

int fake_mncc_recv(struct gsm_network *net, struct msgb *msg)
{
	fprintf(stderr, "rx MNCC\n");
	return 0;
}

/* override, requires '-Wl,--wrap=gsup_client_create' */
struct gsup_client *
__real_gsup_client_create(const char *ip_addr, unsigned int tcp_port,
			  gsup_client_read_cb_t read_cb,
			  struct oap_client_config *oap_config);
struct gsup_client *
__wrap_gsup_client_create(const char *ip_addr, unsigned int tcp_port,
			  gsup_client_read_cb_t read_cb,
			  struct oap_client_config *oap_config)
{
	struct gsup_client *gsupc;
	gsupc = talloc_zero(tall_bsc_ctx, struct gsup_client);
	OSMO_ASSERT(gsupc);
	return gsupc;
}

/* override, requires '-Wl,--wrap=gsup_client_send' */
int __real_gsup_client_send(struct gsup_client *gsupc, struct msgb *msg);
int __wrap_gsup_client_send(struct gsup_client *gsupc, struct msgb *msg)
{
	const char *is = osmo_hexdump_nospc(msg->data, msg->len);
	fprintf(stderr, "GSUP --> HLR: %s: %s\n",
		osmo_gsup_message_type_name(msg->data[0]), is);

	OSMO_ASSERT(gsup_tx_expected);
	if (strcmp(gsup_tx_expected, is)) {
		fprintf(stderr, "Mismatch! Expected:\n%s\n", gsup_tx_expected);
		abort();
	}

	talloc_free(msg);
	gsup_tx_confirmed = true;
	gsup_tx_expected = NULL;
	return 0;
}

int _validate_dtap(struct msgb *msg, enum ran_type to_ran)
{
	btw("DTAP --%s--> MS: %s: %s",
	    ran_type_name(to_ran), msg_type_name(msg),
	    osmo_hexdump_nospc(msg->data, msg->len));

	OSMO_ASSERT(dtap_tx_expected);
	if (msg->len != dtap_tx_expected->len
	    || memcmp(msg->data, dtap_tx_expected->data, msg->len)) {
		fprintf(stderr, "Mismatch! Expected:\n%s\n",
		       osmo_hexdump_nospc(dtap_tx_expected->data,
					  dtap_tx_expected->len));
		abort();
	}

	btw("DTAP matches expected message");

	talloc_free(msg);
	dtap_tx_confirmed = true;
	talloc_free(dtap_tx_expected);
	dtap_tx_expected = NULL;
	return 0;
}

/* override, requires '-Wl,--wrap=ranap_iu_tx' */
int __real_ranap_iu_tx(struct msgb *msg, uint8_t sapi);
int __wrap_ranap_iu_tx(struct msgb *msg, uint8_t sapi)
{
	return _validate_dtap(msg, RAN_UTRAN_IU);
}

/* override, requires '-Wl,--wrap=ranap_iu_tx_release' */
int __real_ranap_iu_tx_release(struct ranap_ue_conn_ctx *ctx, const struct RANAP_Cause *cause);
int __wrap_ranap_iu_tx_release(struct ranap_ue_conn_ctx *ctx, const struct RANAP_Cause *cause)
{
	btw("Iu Release --%s--> MS", ran_type_name(RAN_UTRAN_IU));
	OSMO_ASSERT(iu_release_expected);
	iu_release_expected = false;
	iu_release_sent = true;
	return 0;
}

/* override, requires '-Wl,--wrap=iu_tx_common_id' */
int __real_ranap_iu_tx_common_id(struct ranap_ue_conn_ctx *ue_ctx, const char *imsi);
int __wrap_ranap_iu_tx_common_id(struct ranap_ue_conn_ctx *ue_ctx, const char *imsi)
{
	btw("Iu Common ID --%s--> MS (IMSI=%s)", ran_type_name(RAN_UTRAN_IU), imsi);
	return 0;
}

/* override, requires '-Wl,--wrap=a_iface_tx_dtap' */
int __real_a_iface_tx_dtap(struct msgb *msg);
int __wrap_a_iface_tx_dtap(struct msgb *msg)
{
	return _validate_dtap(msg, RAN_GERAN_A);
}

/* override, requires '-Wl,--wrap=a_iface_tx_clear_cmd' */
int __real_a_iface_tx_clear_cmd(struct gsm_subscriber_connection *conn);
int __wrap_a_iface_tx_clear_cmd(struct gsm_subscriber_connection *conn)
{
	btw("BSSAP Clear --%s--> MS", ran_type_name(RAN_GERAN_A));
	OSMO_ASSERT(bssap_clear_expected);
	bssap_clear_expected = false;
	bssap_clear_sent = true;
	return 0;
}

static int fake_vlr_tx_lu_acc(void *msc_conn_ref, uint32_t send_tmsi)
{
	struct gsm_subscriber_connection *conn = msc_conn_ref;
	if (send_tmsi == GSM_RESERVED_TMSI)
		btw("sending LU Accept for %s", vlr_subscr_name(conn->vsub));
	else
		btw("sending LU Accept for %s, with TMSI 0x%08x",
		    vlr_subscr_name(conn->vsub), send_tmsi);
	lu_result_sent |= RES_ACCEPT;
	return 0;
}

static int fake_vlr_tx_lu_rej(void *msc_conn_ref, uint8_t cause)
{
	struct gsm_subscriber_connection *conn = msc_conn_ref;
	btw("sending LU Reject for %s, cause %u", vlr_subscr_name(conn->vsub), cause);
	lu_result_sent |= RES_REJECT;
	return 0;
}

static int fake_vlr_tx_cm_serv_acc(void *msc_conn_ref)
{
	struct gsm_subscriber_connection *conn = msc_conn_ref;
	btw("sending CM Service Accept for %s", vlr_subscr_name(conn->vsub));
	cm_service_result_sent |= RES_ACCEPT;
	return 0;
}

static int fake_vlr_tx_cm_serv_rej(void *msc_conn_ref,
				   enum vlr_proc_arq_result result)
{
	struct gsm_subscriber_connection *conn = msc_conn_ref;
	btw("sending CM Service Reject for %s, result %s",
	    vlr_subscr_name(conn->vsub),
	    vlr_proc_arq_result_name(result));
	cm_service_result_sent |= RES_REJECT;
	return 0;
}

static int fake_vlr_tx_auth_req(void *msc_conn_ref, struct gsm_auth_tuple *at,
				bool send_autn)
{
	struct gsm_subscriber_connection *conn = msc_conn_ref;
	char *hex;
	bool ok = true;
	btw("sending %s Auth Request for %s: tuple use_count=%d key_seq=%d auth_types=0x%x and...",
	    send_autn? "UMTS" : "GSM", vlr_subscr_name(conn->vsub),
	    at->use_count, at->key_seq, at->vec.auth_types);

	hex = osmo_hexdump_nospc((void*)&at->vec.rand, sizeof(at->vec.rand));
	btw("...rand=%s", hex);
	if (!auth_request_expect_rand
	    || strcmp(hex, auth_request_expect_rand) != 0) {
		ok = false;
		log("FAILURE: expected rand=%s",
		    auth_request_expect_rand ? auth_request_expect_rand : "-");
	}

	if (send_autn) {
		hex = osmo_hexdump_nospc((void*)&at->vec.autn, sizeof(at->vec.autn));
		btw("...autn=%s", hex);
		if (!auth_request_expect_autn
		    || strcmp(hex, auth_request_expect_autn) != 0) {
			ok = false;
			log("FAILURE: expected autn=%s",
			    auth_request_expect_autn ? auth_request_expect_autn : "-");
		}
	} else if (auth_request_expect_autn) {
		ok = false;
		log("FAILURE: no AUTN sent, expected AUTN = %s",
		    auth_request_expect_autn);
	}

	if (send_autn)
		btw("...expecting res=%s",
		    osmo_hexdump_nospc((void*)&at->vec.res, at->vec.res_len));
	else
		btw("...expecting sres=%s",
		    osmo_hexdump_nospc((void*)&at->vec.sres, sizeof(at->vec.sres)));

	auth_request_sent = ok;
	return 0;
}

static int fake_vlr_tx_auth_rej(void *msc_conn_ref)
{
	struct gsm_subscriber_connection *conn = msc_conn_ref;
	btw("sending Auth Reject for %s", vlr_subscr_name(conn->vsub));
	return 0;
}

static int fake_vlr_tx_ciph_mode_cmd(void *msc_conn_ref, enum vlr_ciph ciph,
				     bool retrieve_imeisv)
{
	/* FIXME: we actually would like to see the message bytes checked here,
	 * not possible while msc_vlr_set_ciph_mode() calls
	 * gsm0808_cipher_mode() directly. When the MSCSPLIT is ready, check
	 * the tx bytes in the sense of dtap_expect_tx() above. */
	struct gsm_subscriber_connection *conn = msc_conn_ref;
	switch (conn->via_ran) {
	case RAN_GERAN_A:
		btw("sending Ciphering Mode Command for %s: cipher=%s kc=%s"
		    " retrieve_imeisv=%d",
		    vlr_subscr_name(conn->vsub),
		    vlr_ciph_name(conn->network->a5_encryption),
		    osmo_hexdump_nospc(conn->vsub->last_tuple->vec.kc, 8),
		    retrieve_imeisv);
		break;
	case RAN_UTRAN_IU:
		btw("sending SecurityModeControl for %s",
		    vlr_subscr_name(conn->vsub));
		break;
	default:
		btw("UNKNOWN RAN TYPE %d", conn->via_ran);
		OSMO_ASSERT(false);
		return -1;
	}
	cipher_mode_cmd_sent = true;
	cipher_mode_cmd_sent_with_imeisv = retrieve_imeisv;
	return 0;
}

void ms_sends_security_mode_complete()
{
	OSMO_ASSERT(g_conn);
	OSMO_ASSERT(g_conn->via_ran == RAN_UTRAN_IU);
	OSMO_ASSERT(g_conn->iu.ue_ctx);
	msc_rx_sec_mode_compl(g_conn);
}

const struct timeval fake_time_start_time = { 123, 456 };

void fake_time_start()
{
	osmo_gettimeofday_override_time = fake_time_start_time;
	osmo_gettimeofday_override = true;
	fake_time_passes(0, 0);
}

void check_talloc(void *msgb_ctx, void *tall_bsc_ctx, int expected_blocks)
{
	talloc_report_full(msgb_ctx, stderr);
	fprintf(stderr, "talloc_total_blocks(tall_bsc_ctx) == %zu\n",
		talloc_total_blocks(tall_bsc_ctx));
	if (talloc_total_blocks(tall_bsc_ctx) != expected_blocks)
		talloc_report_full(tall_bsc_ctx, stderr);
	fprintf(stderr, "\n");
}

static struct {
	bool verbose;
	int run_test_nr;
} cmdline_opts = {
	.verbose = false,
	.run_test_nr = -1,
};

static void print_help(const char *program)
{
	printf("Usage:\n"
	       "  %s [-v] [N [N...]]\n"
	       "Options:\n"
	       "  -h --help      show this text.\n"
	       "  -v --verbose   print source file and line numbers\n"
	       "  N              run only the Nth test (first test is N=1)\n",
	       program
	       );
}

static void handle_options(int argc, char **argv)
{
	while (1) {
		int option_index = 0, c;
		static struct option long_options[] = {
			{"help", 0, 0, 'h'},
			{"verbose", 1, 0, 'v'},
			{0, 0, 0, 0}
		};

		c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hv",
				long_options, &option_index);
		if (c == -1)
			break;

		switch (c) {
		case 'h':
			print_help(argv[0]);
			exit(0);
		case 'v':
			cmdline_opts.verbose = true;
			break;
		default:
			/* catch unknown options *as well as* missing arguments. */
			fprintf(stderr, "Error in command line options. Exiting.\n");
			exit(-1);
			break;
		}
	}
}

void *msgb_ctx = NULL;

void run_tests(int nr)
{
	int test_nr;
	nr --; /* arg's first test is 1, in here it's 0 */
	for (test_nr = 0; msc_vlr_tests[test_nr]; test_nr ++) {
		if (nr >= 0 && test_nr != nr)
			continue;

		if (cmdline_opts.verbose)
			fprintf(stderr, "(test nr %d)\n", test_nr + 1);

		msc_vlr_tests[test_nr]();

		if (cmdline_opts.verbose)
			fprintf(stderr, "(test nr %d)\n", test_nr + 1);

		check_talloc(msgb_ctx, tall_bsc_ctx, 9);
	} while(0);
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
	handle_options(argc, argv);

	tall_bsc_ctx = talloc_named_const(NULL, 0, "subscr_conn_test_ctx");
	msgb_ctx = msgb_talloc_ctx_init(tall_bsc_ctx, 0);
	osmo_init_logging(&info);

	_log_lines = cmdline_opts.verbose;

	OSMO_ASSERT(osmo_stderr_target);
	log_set_use_color(osmo_stderr_target, 0);
	log_set_print_timestamp(osmo_stderr_target, 0);
	log_set_print_filename(osmo_stderr_target, _log_lines? 1 : 0);
	log_set_print_category(osmo_stderr_target, 1);

	net = gsm_network_init(tall_bsc_ctx, 1, 1, fake_mncc_recv);
	net->gsup_server_addr_str = talloc_strdup(net, "no_gsup_server");
	net->gsup_server_port = 0;

	osmo_fsm_log_addr(false);
	OSMO_ASSERT(msc_vlr_alloc(net) == 0);
	OSMO_ASSERT(msc_vlr_start(net) == 0);
	OSMO_ASSERT(net->vlr);
	OSMO_ASSERT(net->vlr->gsup_client);
	msc_subscr_conn_init();

	net->vlr->ops.tx_lu_acc = fake_vlr_tx_lu_acc;
	net->vlr->ops.tx_lu_rej = fake_vlr_tx_lu_rej;
	net->vlr->ops.tx_cm_serv_acc = fake_vlr_tx_cm_serv_acc;
	net->vlr->ops.tx_cm_serv_rej = fake_vlr_tx_cm_serv_rej;
	net->vlr->ops.tx_auth_req = fake_vlr_tx_auth_req;
	net->vlr->ops.tx_auth_rej = fake_vlr_tx_auth_rej;
	net->vlr->ops.set_ciph_mode = fake_vlr_tx_ciph_mode_cmd;

	clear_vlr();

	if (optind >= argc)
		run_tests(-1);
	else {
		int arg;
		long int nr;
		for (arg = optind; arg < argc; arg++) {
			nr = strtol(argv[arg], NULL, 10);
			if (errno) {
				fprintf(stderr, "Invalid argument: %s\n",
					argv[arg]);
				exit(1);
			}

			run_tests(nr);
		}
	}

	printf("Done\n");

	talloc_free(the_bts);

	check_talloc(msgb_ctx, tall_bsc_ctx, 9);
	return 0;
}