refactor VLR FSM result handling

Instead of keeping separate enums for FSM results and translating between those
and the actual 04.08 reject causes that will ultimately reach the MS, just pass
enum gsm48_reject_value cause codes around everywhere.

Collapse some VLR *_timeout() and *_cancel() api to just *_cancel() with a
gsm48 cause arg.

(Hopefully) improve a few reject causes, but otherwise just aim for more
transparent decisions on which cause value is used, for future fixes of
returned causes.

Depends: I6661f139e68a498fb1bef10c266c2f064b72774a (libosmocore)
Change-Id: I27bf8d68737ff1f8dc6d11fb1eac3d391aab0cb1

21 files changed, 487 insertions, 512 deletions

diff --git a/include/osmocom/msc/vlr.h b/include/osmocom/msc/vlr.h
index 96bfa2f29..0a9ef6fb5 100644
--- a/include/osmocom/msc/vlr.h
+++ b/include/osmocom/msc/vlr.h
@@ -170,8 +170,6 @@ struct vlr_subscr {
 	} cs;
 };
 
-enum vlr_proc_arq_result;
-
 enum vlr_ciph {
 	VLR_CIPH_NONE, /*< A5/0, no encryption */
 	VLR_CIPH_A5_1, /*< A5/1, encryption */
@@ -208,9 +206,9 @@ struct vlr_ops {
 	int (*tx_id_req)(void *msc_conn_ref, uint8_t mi_type);
 
 	int (*tx_lu_acc)(void *msc_conn_ref, uint32_t send_tmsi);
-	int (*tx_lu_rej)(void *msc_conn_ref, uint8_t cause);
+	int (*tx_lu_rej)(void *msc_conn_ref, enum gsm48_reject_value cause);
 	int (*tx_cm_serv_acc)(void *msc_conn_ref);
-	int (*tx_cm_serv_rej)(void *msc_conn_ref, enum vlr_proc_arq_result result);
+	int (*tx_cm_serv_rej)(void *msc_conn_ref, enum gsm48_reject_value cause);
 
 	int (*set_ciph_mode)(void *msc_conn_ref, bool umts_aka, bool retrieve_imeisv);
 
@@ -275,7 +273,9 @@ vlr_loc_update(struct osmo_fsm_inst *parent,
 	       bool is_r99, bool is_utran,
 	       bool assign_tmsi);
 
-void vlr_loc_update_conn_timeout(struct osmo_fsm_inst *fi);
+void vlr_loc_update_cancel(struct osmo_fsm_inst *fi,
+			   enum osmo_fsm_term_cause fsm_cause,
+			   uint8_t gsm48_cause);
 
 /* tell the VLR that the subscriber connection is gone */
 int vlr_subscr_disconnected(struct vlr_subscr *vsub);
@@ -288,7 +288,6 @@ int vlr_subscr_tx_auth_fail_rep(const struct vlr_subscr *vsub) __attribute__((wa
 void vlr_subscr_rx_ciph_res(struct vlr_subscr *vsub, struct vlr_ciph_result *res);
 int vlr_subscr_rx_tmsi_reall_compl(struct vlr_subscr *vsub);
 int vlr_subscr_rx_imsi_detach(struct vlr_subscr *vsub);
-void vlr_subscr_conn_timeout(struct vlr_subscr *vsub);
 
 struct vlr_instance *vlr_alloc(void *ctx, const struct vlr_ops *ops);
 int vlr_start(const char *gsup_unit_name, struct vlr_instance *vlr,
@@ -376,29 +375,13 @@ uint32_t vlr_timer(struct vlr_instance *vlr, uint32_t timer);
 
 int vlr_subscr_changed(struct vlr_subscr *vsub);
 int vlr_subscr_purge(struct vlr_subscr *vsub) __attribute__((warn_unused_result));
-void vlr_subscr_cancel(struct vlr_subscr *vsub, enum gsm48_gmm_cause cause);
+void vlr_subscr_cancel_attach_fsm(struct vlr_subscr *vsub,
+				  enum osmo_fsm_term_cause fsm_cause,
+				  uint8_t gsm48_cause);
 
 
 /* Process Acccess Request FSM */
 
-enum vlr_proc_arq_result {
-	VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_NONE,
-	VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_SYSTEM_FAILURE,
-	VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_ILLEGAL_SUBSCR,
-	VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_UNIDENT_SUBSCR,
-	VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_ROAMING_NOTALLOWED,
-	VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_ILLEGAL_EQUIP,
-	VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_UNKNOWN_ERROR,
-	VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_TIMEOUT,
-	VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED,
-};
-
-extern const struct value_string vlr_proc_arq_result_names[];
-static inline const char *vlr_proc_arq_result_name(enum vlr_proc_arq_result res)
-{
-	return get_value_string(vlr_proc_arq_result_names, res);
-}
-
 enum proc_arq_vlr_event {
 	PR_ARQ_E_START,
 	PR_ARQ_E_ID_IMSI,
@@ -431,7 +414,9 @@ vlr_proc_acc_req(struct osmo_fsm_inst *parent,
 		 bool ciphering_required,
 		 bool is_r99, bool is_utran);
 
-void vlr_parq_conn_timeout(struct osmo_fsm_inst *fi);
+void vlr_parq_cancel(struct osmo_fsm_inst *fi,
+		     enum osmo_fsm_term_cause fsm_cause,
+		     enum gsm48_reject_value gsm48_cause);
 
 void vlr_parq_fsm_init(void);
 
diff --git a/src/libmsc/gsm_04_08.c b/src/libmsc/gsm_04_08.c
index b51fd16b5..2b8e4c1df 100644
--- a/src/libmsc/gsm_04_08.c
+++ b/src/libmsc/gsm_04_08.c
@@ -644,7 +644,7 @@ int gsm48_tx_mm_auth_rej(struct gsm_subscriber_connection *conn)
 }
 
 static int msc_vlr_tx_cm_serv_acc(void *msc_conn_ref);
-static int msc_vlr_tx_cm_serv_rej(void *msc_conn_ref, enum vlr_proc_arq_result result);
+static int msc_vlr_tx_cm_serv_rej(void *msc_conn_ref, enum gsm48_reject_value result);
 
 static int cm_serv_reuse_conn(struct gsm_subscriber_connection *conn, const uint8_t *mi_lv)
 {
@@ -675,7 +675,7 @@ static int cm_serv_reuse_conn(struct gsm_subscriber_connection *conn, const uint
 
 	LOGP(DMM, LOGL_ERROR, "%s: CM Service Request with mismatching mobile identity: %s %s\n",
 	     vlr_subscr_name(conn->vsub), gsm48_mi_type_name(mi_type), mi_string);
-	msc_vlr_tx_cm_serv_rej(conn, VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_ILLEGAL_SUBSCR);
+	msc_vlr_tx_cm_serv_rej(conn, GSM48_REJECT_ILLEGAL_MS);
 	return -EINVAL;
 
 accept_reuse:
@@ -774,7 +774,7 @@ int gsm48_rx_mm_serv_req(struct gsm_subscriber_connection *conn, struct msgb *ms
 	if (msc_subscr_conn_is_establishing_auth_ciph(conn)) {
 		LOGP(DMM, LOGL_ERROR,
 		     "Cannot accept CM Service Request, conn already busy establishing authenticity\n");
-		msc_vlr_tx_cm_serv_rej(conn, VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_UNKNOWN_ERROR);
+		msc_vlr_tx_cm_serv_rej(conn, GSM48_REJECT_CONGESTION);
 		return -EINVAL;
 		/* or should we accept and note down the service request anyway? */
 	}
@@ -3576,7 +3576,7 @@ static int msc_vlr_tx_lu_acc(void *msc_conn_ref, uint32_t send_tmsi)
 }
 
 /* VLR asks us to transmit a Location Update Reject */
-static int msc_vlr_tx_lu_rej(void *msc_conn_ref, uint8_t cause)
+static int msc_vlr_tx_lu_rej(void *msc_conn_ref, enum gsm48_reject_value cause)
 {
 	struct gsm_subscriber_connection *conn = msc_conn_ref;
 	return gsm0408_loc_upd_rej(conn, cause);
@@ -3605,36 +3605,11 @@ static int msc_vlr_tx_mm_info(void *msc_conn_ref)
 }
 
 /* VLR asks us to transmit a CM Service Reject */
-static int msc_vlr_tx_cm_serv_rej(void *msc_conn_ref, enum vlr_proc_arq_result result)
+static int msc_vlr_tx_cm_serv_rej(void *msc_conn_ref, enum gsm48_reject_value cause)
 {
-	uint8_t cause;
 	struct gsm_subscriber_connection *conn = msc_conn_ref;
 	int rc;
 
-	switch (result) {
-	default:
-	case VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_NONE:
-	case VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_SYSTEM_FAILURE:
-	case VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_UNKNOWN_ERROR:
-		cause = GSM48_REJECT_NETWORK_FAILURE;
-		break;
-	case VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_ILLEGAL_SUBSCR:
-		cause = GSM48_REJECT_LOC_NOT_ALLOWED;
-		break;
-	case VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_UNIDENT_SUBSCR:
-		cause = GSM48_REJECT_INVALID_MANDANTORY_INF;
-		break;
-	case VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_ROAMING_NOTALLOWED:
-		cause = GSM48_REJECT_ROAMING_NOT_ALLOWED;
-		break;
-	case VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_ILLEGAL_EQUIP:
-		cause = GSM48_REJECT_ILLEGAL_MS;
-		break;
-	case VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_TIMEOUT:
-		cause = GSM48_REJECT_CONGESTION;
-		break;
-	};
-
 	rc = msc_gsm48_tx_mm_serv_rej(conn, cause);
 
 	if (conn->received_cm_service_request) {
diff --git a/src/libmsc/subscr_conn.c b/src/libmsc/subscr_conn.c
index 9f280bcde..1b3b24042 100644
--- a/src/libmsc/subscr_conn.c
+++ b/src/libmsc/subscr_conn.c
@@ -103,8 +103,11 @@ static void evaluate_acceptance_outcome(struct osmo_fsm_inst *fi, bool conn_acce
 
 static void log_close_event(struct osmo_fsm_inst *fi, uint32_t event, void *data)
 {
-	if (data)
-		LOGPFSML(fi, LOGL_DEBUG, "Close event, cause %u\n", *(uint32_t*)data);
+	enum gsm48_reject_value *cause = data;
+	/* The close event itself is logged by the FSM. We can only add the cause value, if present. */
+	if (!cause || !*cause)
+		return;
+	LOGPFSML(fi, LOGL_NOTICE, "Close event, cause: %s\n", gsm48_reject_value_name(*cause));
 }
 
 static void subscr_conn_fsm_new(struct osmo_fsm_inst *fi, uint32_t event, void *data)
@@ -250,7 +253,7 @@ static int subscr_conn_fsm_timeout(struct osmo_fsm_inst *fi)
 		LOGPFSML(fi, LOGL_ERROR, "Timeout while releasing, discarding right now\n");
 		osmo_fsm_inst_term(fi, OSMO_FSM_TERM_TIMEOUT, NULL);
 	} else {
-		uint32_t cause = GSM_CAUSE_NET_FAIL;
+		enum gsm48_reject_value cause = GSM48_REJECT_CONGESTION;
 		osmo_fsm_inst_dispatch(fi, SUBSCR_CONN_E_CN_CLOSE, &cause);
 	}
 	return 0;
@@ -273,7 +276,7 @@ static void subscr_conn_fsm_releasing_onenter(struct osmo_fsm_inst *fi, uint32_t
 	}
 
 	/* Cancel all VLR FSMs, if any */
-	vlr_subscr_conn_timeout(conn->vsub);
+	vlr_subscr_cancel_attach_fsm(conn->vsub, OSMO_FSM_TERM_ERROR, GSM48_REJECT_CONGESTION);
 
 	/* If we're closing in a middle of a trans, we need to clean up */
 	trans_conn_closed(conn);
diff --git a/src/libvlr/vlr.c b/src/libvlr/vlr.c
index 3e14593ad..2d232be74 100644
--- a/src/libvlr/vlr.c
+++ b/src/libvlr/vlr.c
@@ -271,23 +271,19 @@ int vlr_subscr_purge(struct vlr_subscr *vsub)
 	return vlr_subscr_tx_gsup_message(vsub, &gsup_msg);
 }
 
-void vlr_subscr_cancel(struct vlr_subscr *vsub, enum gsm48_gmm_cause cause)
+void vlr_subscr_cancel_attach_fsm(struct vlr_subscr *vsub,
+				  enum osmo_fsm_term_cause fsm_cause,
+				  uint8_t gsm48_cause)
 {
 	if (!vsub)
 		return;
 
-	if (vsub->lu_fsm) {
-		if (vsub->lu_fsm->state == VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD)
-			osmo_fsm_inst_dispatch(vsub->lu_fsm,
-					       VLR_ULA_E_HLR_LU_RES,
-					       (void*)&cause);
-		else
-			osmo_fsm_inst_term(vsub->lu_fsm, OSMO_FSM_TERM_ERROR,
-					   0);
-	}
-
+	vlr_subscr_get(vsub);
+	if (vsub->lu_fsm)
+		vlr_loc_update_cancel(vsub->lu_fsm, fsm_cause, gsm48_cause);
 	if (vsub->proc_arq_fsm)
-		osmo_fsm_inst_term(vsub->proc_arq_fsm, OSMO_FSM_TERM_ERROR, 0);
+		vlr_parq_cancel(vsub->proc_arq_fsm, fsm_cause, gsm48_cause);
+	vlr_subscr_put(vsub);
 }
 
 /* Call vlr_subscr_cancel(), then completely drop the entry from the VLR */
@@ -803,10 +799,111 @@ static int vlr_subscr_handle_lu_err(struct vlr_subscr *vsub,
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static void gmm_cause_to_fsm_and_mm_cause(enum gsm48_gmm_cause gmm_cause,
+					  enum osmo_fsm_term_cause *fsm_cause_p,
+					  enum gsm48_reject_value *gsm48_rej_p)
+{
+	enum osmo_fsm_term_cause fsm_cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_ERROR;
+	enum gsm48_reject_value gsm48_rej = GSM48_REJECT_NETWORK_FAILURE;
+	switch (gmm_cause) {
+	case GMM_CAUSE_IMSI_UNKNOWN:
+		gsm48_rej = GSM48_REJECT_IMSI_UNKNOWN_IN_HLR;
+		break;
+	case GMM_CAUSE_ILLEGAL_MS:
+		gsm48_rej = GSM48_REJECT_ILLEGAL_MS;
+		break;
+	case GMM_CAUSE_IMEI_NOT_ACCEPTED:
+		gsm48_rej = GSM48_REJECT_IMEI_NOT_ACCEPTED;
+		break;
+	case GMM_CAUSE_ILLEGAL_ME:
+		gsm48_rej = GSM48_REJECT_ILLEGAL_ME;
+		break;
+	case GMM_CAUSE_GPRS_NOTALLOWED:
+		gsm48_rej = GSM48_REJECT_GPRS_NOT_ALLOWED;
+		break;
+	case GMM_CAUSE_GPRS_OTHER_NOTALLOWED:
+		gsm48_rej = GSM48_REJECT_SERVICES_NOT_ALLOWED;
+		break;
+	case GMM_CAUSE_MS_ID_NOT_DERIVED:
+		gsm48_rej = GSM48_REJECT_MS_IDENTITY_NOT_DERVIVABLE;
+		break;
+	case GMM_CAUSE_IMPL_DETACHED:
+		gsm48_rej = GSM48_REJECT_IMPLICITLY_DETACHED;
+		break;
+	case GMM_CAUSE_PLMN_NOTALLOWED:
+		gsm48_rej = GSM48_REJECT_PLMN_NOT_ALLOWED;
+		break;
+	case GMM_CAUSE_LA_NOTALLOWED:
+		gsm48_rej = GSM48_REJECT_LOC_NOT_ALLOWED;
+		break;
+	case GMM_CAUSE_ROAMING_NOTALLOWED:
+		gsm48_rej = GSM48_REJECT_ROAMING_NOT_ALLOWED;
+		break;
+	case GMM_CAUSE_NO_GPRS_PLMN:
+		gsm48_rej = GSM48_REJECT_GPRS_NOT_ALLOWED_IN_PLMN;
+		break;
+	case GMM_CAUSE_MSC_TEMP_NOTREACH:
+		gsm48_rej = GSM48_REJECT_MSC_TMP_NOT_REACHABLE;
+		break;
+	case GMM_CAUSE_SYNC_FAIL:
+		gsm48_rej = GSM48_REJECT_SYNCH_FAILURE;
+		break;
+	case GMM_CAUSE_CONGESTION:
+		gsm48_rej = GSM48_REJECT_CONGESTION;
+		break;
+	case GMM_CAUSE_SEM_INCORR_MSG:
+		gsm48_rej = GSM48_REJECT_INCORRECT_MESSAGE;
+		break;
+	case GMM_CAUSE_INV_MAND_INFO:
+		gsm48_rej = GSM48_REJECT_INVALID_MANDANTORY_INF;
+		break;
+	case GMM_CAUSE_MSGT_NOTEXIST_NOTIMPL:
+		gsm48_rej = GSM48_REJECT_MSG_TYPE_NOT_IMPLEMENTED;
+		break;
+	case GMM_CAUSE_MSGT_INCOMP_P_STATE:
+		gsm48_rej = GSM48_REJECT_MSG_TYPE_NOT_COMPATIBLE;
+		break;
+	case GMM_CAUSE_IE_NOTEXIST_NOTIMPL:
+		gsm48_rej = GSM48_REJECT_INF_ELEME_NOT_IMPLEMENTED;
+		break;
+	case GMM_CAUSE_COND_IE_ERR:
+		gsm48_rej = GSM48_REJECT_CONDTIONAL_IE_ERROR;
+		break;
+	case GMM_CAUSE_MSG_INCOMP_P_STATE:
+		gsm48_rej = GSM48_REJECT_MSG_NOT_COMPATIBLE;
+		break;
+	case GMM_CAUSE_PROTO_ERR_UNSPEC:
+		gsm48_rej = GSM48_REJECT_PROTOCOL_ERROR;
+		break;
+
+	case GMM_CAUSE_NO_SUIT_CELL_IN_LA:
+	case GMM_CAUSE_MAC_FAIL:
+	case GMM_CAUSE_GSM_AUTH_UNACCEPT:
+	case GMM_CAUSE_NOT_AUTH_FOR_CSG:
+	case GMM_CAUSE_SMS_VIA_GPRS_IN_RA:
+	case GMM_CAUSE_NO_PDP_ACTIVATED:
+	case GMM_CAUSE_NET_FAIL:
+		gsm48_rej = GSM48_REJECT_NETWORK_FAILURE;
+		break;
+	}
+	switch (gmm_cause) {
+		/* refine any error causes here? */
+	default:
+		fsm_cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_ERROR;
+		break;
+	}
+	if (fsm_cause_p)
+		*fsm_cause_p = fsm_cause;
+	if (gsm48_rej_p)
+		*gsm48_rej_p = gsm48_rej;
+}
+
 /* Handle LOCATION CANCEL request from HLR */
 static int vlr_subscr_handle_cancel_req(struct vlr_subscr *vsub,
 					struct osmo_gsup_message *gsup_msg)
 {
+	enum gsm48_reject_value gsm48_rej;
+	enum osmo_fsm_term_cause fsm_cause;
 	struct osmo_gsup_message gsup_reply = {0};
 	int rc, is_update_procedure = !gsup_msg->cancel_type ||
 		gsup_msg->cancel_type == OSMO_GSUP_CANCEL_TYPE_UPDATE;
@@ -818,7 +915,8 @@ static int vlr_subscr_handle_cancel_req(struct vlr_subscr *vsub,
 	gsup_reply.message_type = OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_LOCATION_CANCEL_RESULT;
 	rc = vlr_subscr_tx_gsup_message(vsub, &gsup_reply);
 
-	vlr_subscr_cancel(vsub, gsup_msg->cause);
+	gmm_cause_to_fsm_and_mm_cause(gsup_msg->cause, &fsm_cause, &gsm48_rej);
+	vlr_subscr_cancel_attach_fsm(vsub, fsm_cause, gsm48_rej);
 
 	return rc;
 }
@@ -998,7 +1096,7 @@ bool vlr_subscr_expire(struct vlr_subscr *vsub)
 int vlr_subscr_rx_imsi_detach(struct vlr_subscr *vsub)
 {
 	/* paranoia: should any LU or PARQ FSMs still be running, stop them. */
-	vlr_subscr_cancel(vsub, GMM_CAUSE_IMPL_DETACHED);
+	vlr_subscr_cancel_attach_fsm(vsub, OSMO_FSM_TERM_ERROR, GSM48_REJECT_CONGESTION);
 
 	vsub->imsi_detached_flag = true;
 
@@ -1015,15 +1113,7 @@ int vlr_subscr_rx_imsi_detach(struct vlr_subscr *vsub)
  */
 void vlr_subscr_conn_timeout(struct vlr_subscr *vsub)
 {
-	if (!vsub)
-		return;
-
-	vlr_subscr_get(vsub);
-	if (vsub->lu_fsm)
-		vlr_loc_update_conn_timeout(vsub->lu_fsm);
-	if (vsub->proc_arq_fsm)
-		vlr_parq_conn_timeout(vsub->proc_arq_fsm);
-	vlr_subscr_put(vsub);
+	vlr_subscr_cancel_attach_fsm(vsub, OSMO_FSM_TERM_TIMEOUT, GSM48_REJECT_CONGESTION);
 }
 
 struct vlr_instance *vlr_alloc(void *ctx, const struct vlr_ops *ops)
diff --git a/src/libvlr/vlr_access_req_fsm.c b/src/libvlr/vlr_access_req_fsm.c
index 3845f2638..dd9582195 100644
--- a/src/libvlr/vlr_access_req_fsm.c
+++ b/src/libvlr/vlr_access_req_fsm.c
@@ -36,19 +36,6 @@
  * Process_Access_Request_VLR, TS 29.002 Chapter 25.4.2
  ***********************************************************************/
 
-const struct value_string vlr_proc_arq_result_names[] = {
-	OSMO_VALUE_STRING(VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_NONE),
-	OSMO_VALUE_STRING(VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_SYSTEM_FAILURE),
-	OSMO_VALUE_STRING(VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_ILLEGAL_SUBSCR),
-	OSMO_VALUE_STRING(VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_UNIDENT_SUBSCR),
-	OSMO_VALUE_STRING(VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_ROAMING_NOTALLOWED),
-	OSMO_VALUE_STRING(VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_ILLEGAL_EQUIP),
-	OSMO_VALUE_STRING(VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_UNKNOWN_ERROR),
-	OSMO_VALUE_STRING(VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_TIMEOUT),
-	OSMO_VALUE_STRING(VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED),
-	{ 0, NULL }
-};
-
 static const struct value_string proc_arq_vlr_event_names[] = {
 	OSMO_VALUE_STRING(PR_ARQ_E_START),
 	OSMO_VALUE_STRING(PR_ARQ_E_ID_IMSI),
@@ -73,7 +60,7 @@ struct proc_arq_priv {
 	void *parent_event_data;
 
 	enum vlr_parq_type type;
-	enum vlr_proc_arq_result result;
+	enum gsm48_reject_value result; /*< 0 on success */
 	bool by_tmsi;
 	char imsi[16];
 	uint32_t tmsi;
@@ -97,15 +84,20 @@ static void assoc_par_with_subscr(struct osmo_fsm_inst *fi, struct vlr_subscr *v
 	vlr->ops.subscr_assoc(par->msc_conn_ref, par->vsub);
 }
 
+static const char *vlr_proc_arq_result_name(const struct osmo_fsm_inst *fi)
+{
+	struct proc_arq_priv *par = fi->priv;
+	return par->result? gsm48_reject_value_name(par->result) : "PASSED";
+}
+
 #define proc_arq_fsm_done(fi, res) _proc_arq_fsm_done(fi, res, __FILE__, __LINE__)
 static void _proc_arq_fsm_done(struct osmo_fsm_inst *fi,
-			       enum vlr_proc_arq_result res,
+			       enum gsm48_reject_value gsm48_rej,
 			       const char *file, int line)
 {
 	struct proc_arq_priv *par = fi->priv;
-	LOGPFSMSRC(fi, file, line, "proc_arq_fsm_done(%s)\n",
-		   vlr_proc_arq_result_name(res));
-	par->result = res;
+	par->result = gsm48_rej;
+	LOGPFSMSRC(fi, file, line, "proc_arq_fsm_done(%s)\n", vlr_proc_arq_result_name(fi));
 	osmo_fsm_inst_state_chg(fi, PR_ARQ_S_DONE, 0, 0);
 }
 
@@ -115,10 +107,9 @@ static void proc_arq_vlr_dispatch_result(struct osmo_fsm_inst *fi,
 	struct proc_arq_priv *par = fi->priv;
 	bool success;
 	int rc;
-	LOGPFSM(fi, "Process Access Request result: %s\n",
-		vlr_proc_arq_result_name(par->result));
+	LOGPFSM(fi, "Process Access Request result: %s\n", vlr_proc_arq_result_name(fi));
 
-	success = (par->result == VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED);
+	success = (par->result == 0);
 
 	/* It would be logical to first dispatch the success event to the
 	 * parent FSM, but that could start actions that send messages to the
@@ -184,7 +175,7 @@ static void _proc_arq_vlr_post_imei(struct osmo_fsm_inst *fi)
 		return;
 	}
 
-	proc_arq_fsm_done(fi, VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED);
+	proc_arq_fsm_done(fi, 0);
 }
 
 static void _proc_arq_vlr_post_trace(struct osmo_fsm_inst *fi)
@@ -228,13 +219,13 @@ static void _proc_arq_vlr_node2_post_vlr(struct osmo_fsm_inst *fi)
 
 	if (!vsub->sub_dataconf_by_hlr_ind) {
 		/* Set User Error: Unidentified Subscriber */
-		proc_arq_fsm_done(fi, VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_UNIDENT_SUBSCR);
+		proc_arq_fsm_done(fi, GSM48_REJECT_IMSI_UNKNOWN_IN_HLR);
 		return;
 	}
 	/* We don't feature location area specific blocking (yet). */
 	if (0 /* roaming not allowed in LA */) {
 		/* Set User Error: Roaming not allowed in this LA */
-		proc_arq_fsm_done(fi, VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_ROAMING_NOTALLOWED);
+		proc_arq_fsm_done(fi, GSM48_REJECT_ROAMING_NOT_ALLOWED);
 		return;
 	}
 	vsub->imsi_detached_flag = false;
@@ -302,7 +293,7 @@ static void _proc_arq_vlr_node2(struct osmo_fsm_inst *fi)
 		break;
 	default:
 		LOGPFSML(fi, LOGL_ERROR, "Cannot start ciphering, security context is not established\n");
-		proc_arq_fsm_done(fi, VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_SYSTEM_FAILURE);
+		proc_arq_fsm_done(fi, GSM48_REJECT_NETWORK_FAILURE);
 		return;
 	}
 
@@ -312,7 +303,7 @@ static void _proc_arq_vlr_node2(struct osmo_fsm_inst *fi)
 			      vsub->vlr->cfg.retrieve_imeisv_ciphered)) {
 		LOGPFSML(fi, LOGL_ERROR,
 			 "Failed to send Ciphering Mode Command\n");
-		proc_arq_fsm_done(fi, VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_SYSTEM_FAILURE);
+		proc_arq_fsm_done(fi, GSM48_REJECT_NETWORK_FAILURE);
 		return;
 	}
 
@@ -377,7 +368,7 @@ static void proc_arq_vlr_fn_init(struct osmo_fsm_inst *fi,
 				 " terminating the other FSM.\n",
 				 vlr_subscr_name(vsub));
 			proc_arq_fsm_done(vsub->proc_arq_fsm,
-					  VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_SYSTEM_FAILURE);
+					  GSM48_REJECT_NETWORK_FAILURE);
 		}
 		vsub->proc_arq_fsm = fi;
 		assoc_par_with_subscr(fi, vsub);
@@ -390,7 +381,7 @@ static void proc_arq_vlr_fn_init(struct osmo_fsm_inst *fi,
 	if (!par->by_tmsi) {
 		/* We couldn't find a subscriber even by IMSI,
 		 * Set User Error: Unidentified Subscriber */
-		proc_arq_fsm_done(fi, VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_UNIDENT_SUBSCR);
+		proc_arq_fsm_done(fi, GSM48_REJECT_MS_IDENTITY_NOT_DERVIVABLE);
 		return;
 	} else {
 		/* TMSI was included, are we permitted to use it? */
@@ -401,7 +392,7 @@ static void proc_arq_vlr_fn_init(struct osmo_fsm_inst *fi,
 			return;
 		} else {
 			/* Set User Error: Unidentified Subscriber */
-			proc_arq_fsm_done(fi, VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_UNIDENT_SUBSCR);
+			proc_arq_fsm_done(fi, GSM48_REJECT_MS_IDENTITY_NOT_DERVIVABLE);
 			return;
 		}
 	}
@@ -420,7 +411,7 @@ static void proc_arq_vlr_fn_w_obt_imsi(struct osmo_fsm_inst *fi,
 	vsub = vlr_subscr_find_by_imsi(vlr, par->imsi);
 	if (!vsub) {
 		/* Set User Error: Unidentified Subscriber */
-		proc_arq_fsm_done(fi, VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_UNIDENT_SUBSCR);
+		proc_arq_fsm_done(fi, GSM48_REJECT_MS_IDENTITY_NOT_DERVIVABLE);
 		return;
 	}
 	assoc_par_with_subscr(fi, vsub);
@@ -432,43 +423,17 @@ static void proc_arq_vlr_fn_w_obt_imsi(struct osmo_fsm_inst *fi,
 static void proc_arq_vlr_fn_w_auth(struct osmo_fsm_inst *fi,
 				   uint32_t event, void *data)
 {
-	enum vlr_auth_fsm_result res;
-	enum vlr_proc_arq_result ret;
+	enum gsm48_reject_value *cause = data;
 
 	OSMO_ASSERT(event == PR_ARQ_E_AUTH_RES);
 
-	res = data ? *(enum vlr_auth_fsm_result*)data : -1;
-	LOGPFSM(fi, "got %s\n", vlr_auth_fsm_result_name(res));
-
-	switch (res) {
-	case VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED:
-		/* Node 2 */
-		_proc_arq_vlr_node2(fi);
+	if (!cause || *cause) {
+		proc_arq_fsm_done(fi, cause? *cause : GSM48_REJECT_NETWORK_FAILURE);
 		return;
-	case VLR_AUTH_RES_ABORTED:
-		/* Error */
-		ret = VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_UNKNOWN_ERROR;
-		break;
-	case VLR_AUTH_RES_UNKNOWN_SUBSCR:
-		/* Set User Error: Unidentified Subscriber */
-		ret = VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_UNIDENT_SUBSCR;
-		break;
-	case VLR_AUTH_RES_AUTH_FAILED:
-		/* Set User Error: Illegal Subscriber */
-		ret = VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_ILLEGAL_SUBSCR;
-		break;
-	case VLR_AUTH_RES_PROC_ERR:
-		/* Set User Error: System failure */
-		ret = VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_SYSTEM_FAILURE;
-		break;
-	default:
-		LOGPFSML(fi, LOGL_ERROR, "Unexpected vlr_auth_fsm_result value: %d (data=%p)\n", res, data);
-		ret = VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_UNKNOWN_ERROR;
-		break;
 	}
 
-	/* send process_access_req response to caller, enter error state */
-	proc_arq_fsm_done(fi, ret);
+	/* Node 2 */
+	_proc_arq_vlr_node2(fi);
 }
 
 static void proc_arq_vlr_fn_w_ciph(struct osmo_fsm_inst *fi,
@@ -490,12 +455,12 @@ static void proc_arq_vlr_fn_w_ciph(struct osmo_fsm_inst *fi,
 		break;
 	case VLR_CIPH_REJECT:
 		LOGPFSM(fi, "ciphering rejected\n");
-		proc_arq_fsm_done(fi, VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_ILLEGAL_SUBSCR);
+		proc_arq_fsm_done(fi, GSM48_REJECT_ILLEGAL_MS);
 		return;
 	default:
 		LOGPFSML(fi, LOGL_ERROR, "invalid ciphering result: %d\n",
 			 res.cause);
-		proc_arq_fsm_done(fi, VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_ILLEGAL_SUBSCR);
+		proc_arq_fsm_done(fi, GSM48_REJECT_ILLEGAL_MS);
 		return;
 	}
 
@@ -549,7 +514,7 @@ static void proc_arq_vlr_fn_w_tmsi(struct osmo_fsm_inst *fi,
 	OSMO_ASSERT(event == PR_ARQ_E_TMSI_ACK);
 
 	/* FIXME: check confirmation? unfreeze? */
-	proc_arq_fsm_done(fi, VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED);
+	proc_arq_fsm_done(fi, 0);
 }
 
 static const struct osmo_fsm_state proc_arq_vlr_states[] = {
@@ -722,8 +687,7 @@ vlr_proc_acc_req(struct osmo_fsm_inst *parent,
 	case GSM_MI_TYPE_IMEI:
 		/* TODO: IMEI (emergency call) */
 	default:
-		/* FIXME: directly send reject? */
-		proc_arq_fsm_done(fi, VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_UNIDENT_SUBSCR);
+		proc_arq_fsm_done(fi, GSM48_REJECT_MS_IDENTITY_NOT_DERVIVABLE);
 		return;
 	}
 
@@ -732,12 +696,14 @@ vlr_proc_acc_req(struct osmo_fsm_inst *parent,
 
 /* Gracefully terminate an FSM created by vlr_proc_acc_req() in case of
  * external timeout (i.e. from MSC). */
-void vlr_parq_conn_timeout(struct osmo_fsm_inst *fi)
+void vlr_parq_cancel(struct osmo_fsm_inst *fi,
+		     enum osmo_fsm_term_cause fsm_cause,
+		     enum gsm48_reject_value gsm48_cause)
 {
 	if (!fi || fi->state == PR_ARQ_S_DONE)
 		return;
-	LOGPFSM(fi, "Connection timed out\n");
-	proc_arq_fsm_done(fi, VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_TIMEOUT);
+	LOGPFSM(fi, "Cancel: %s\n", osmo_fsm_term_cause_name(fsm_cause));
+	proc_arq_fsm_done(fi, gsm48_cause);
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/libvlr/vlr_auth_fsm.c b/src/libvlr/vlr_auth_fsm.c
index f001eacd1..d5a8555b7 100644
--- a/src/libvlr/vlr_auth_fsm.c
+++ b/src/libvlr/vlr_auth_fsm.c
@@ -42,15 +42,6 @@ static const struct value_string fsm_auth_event_names[] = {
 	{ 0, NULL }
 };
 
-const struct value_string vlr_auth_fsm_result_names[] = {
-	OSMO_VALUE_STRING(VLR_AUTH_RES_ABORTED),
-	OSMO_VALUE_STRING(VLR_AUTH_RES_UNKNOWN_SUBSCR),
-	OSMO_VALUE_STRING(VLR_AUTH_RES_PROC_ERR),
-	OSMO_VALUE_STRING(VLR_AUTH_RES_AUTH_FAILED),
-	OSMO_VALUE_STRING(VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED),
-	{0, NULL}
-};
-
 /* private state of the auth_fsm_instance */
 struct auth_fsm_priv {
 	struct vlr_subscr *vsub;
@@ -239,23 +230,30 @@ static void auth_fsm_onenter_failed(struct osmo_fsm_inst *fi, uint32_t prev_stat
 	}
 }
 
+static const char *vlr_auth_fsm_result_name(enum gsm48_reject_value result)
+{
+	if (!result)
+		return "PASSED";
+	return get_value_string(gsm48_gmm_cause_names, result);
+}
+
 /* Terminate the Auth FSM Instance and notify parent */
-static void auth_fsm_term(struct osmo_fsm_inst *fi, enum vlr_auth_fsm_result res)
+static void auth_fsm_term(struct osmo_fsm_inst *fi, enum gsm48_reject_value result)
 {
 	struct auth_fsm_priv *afp = fi->priv;
 	struct vlr_subscr *vsub = afp->vsub;
 
 	LOGPFSM(fi, "Authentication terminating with result %s\n",
-		vlr_auth_fsm_result_name(res));
+		vlr_auth_fsm_result_name(result));
 
 	/* Do one final state transition (mostly for logging purpose) */
-	if (res == VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED)
+	if (!result)
 		osmo_fsm_inst_state_chg(fi, VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED, 0, 0);
 	else
 		osmo_fsm_inst_state_chg(fi, VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED, 0, 0);
 
 	/* return the result to the parent FSM */
-	osmo_fsm_inst_term(fi, OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR, &res);
+	osmo_fsm_inst_term(fi, OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR, &result);
 	vsub->auth_fsm = NULL;
 }
 
@@ -274,7 +272,7 @@ static int _vlr_subscr_authenticate(struct osmo_fsm_inst *fi)
 		LOGPFSML(fi, LOGL_ERROR, "A previous check ensured that an"
 			 " auth tuple was available, but now there is in fact"
 			 " none.\n");
-		auth_fsm_term(fi, VLR_AUTH_RES_PROC_ERR);
+		auth_fsm_term(fi, GSM48_REJECT_NETWORK_FAILURE);
 		return -1;
 	}
 
@@ -350,7 +348,7 @@ static void auth_fsm_wait_ai(struct osmo_fsm_inst *fi, uint32_t event,
 			goto pass;
 		}
 		/* result = procedure error */
-		auth_fsm_term(fi, VLR_AUTH_RES_PROC_ERR);
+		auth_fsm_term(fi, GSM48_REJECT_NETWORK_FAILURE);
 		return;
 	}
 
@@ -362,8 +360,8 @@ static void auth_fsm_wait_ai(struct osmo_fsm_inst *fi, uint32_t event,
 	case VLR_AUTH_E_HLR_SAI_NACK:
 		auth_fsm_term(fi,
 			      gsup->cause == GMM_CAUSE_IMSI_UNKNOWN?
-				      VLR_AUTH_RES_UNKNOWN_SUBSCR
-				      : VLR_AUTH_RES_PROC_ERR);
+				      GSM48_REJECT_IMSI_UNKNOWN_IN_HLR
+				      : GSM48_REJECT_NETWORK_FAILURE);
 		break;
 	}
 
@@ -396,10 +394,10 @@ static void auth_fsm_wait_auth_resp(struct osmo_fsm_inst *fi, uint32_t event,
 						VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_ID_IMSI,
 						vlr_timer(vlr, 3270), 3270);
 			} else {
-				auth_fsm_term(fi, VLR_AUTH_RES_AUTH_FAILED);
+				auth_fsm_term(fi, GSM48_REJECT_ILLEGAL_MS);
 			}
 		} else {
-			auth_fsm_term(fi, VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED);
+			auth_fsm_term(fi, 0);
 		}
 		break;
 	case VLR_AUTH_E_MS_AUTH_FAIL:
@@ -411,7 +409,7 @@ static void auth_fsm_wait_auth_resp(struct osmo_fsm_inst *fi, uint32_t event,
 					VLR_SUB_AS_NEEDS_AUTH_WAIT_SAI_RESYNC,
 					GSM_29002_TIMER_M, 0);
 		} else
-			auth_fsm_term(fi, VLR_AUTH_RES_AUTH_FAILED);
+			auth_fsm_term(fi, GSM48_REJECT_ILLEGAL_MS);
 		break;
 	}
 }
@@ -431,7 +429,7 @@ static void auth_fsm_wait_ai_resync(struct osmo_fsm_inst *fi,
 	     gsup->cause != GMM_CAUSE_IMSI_UNKNOWN) ||
 	    (event == VLR_AUTH_E_HLR_SAI_ABORT)) {
 		/* result = procedure error */
-		auth_fsm_term(fi, VLR_AUTH_RES_PROC_ERR);
+		auth_fsm_term(fi, GSM48_REJECT_NETWORK_FAILURE);
 	}
 	switch (event) {
 	case VLR_AUTH_E_HLR_SAI_ACK:
@@ -441,8 +439,8 @@ static void auth_fsm_wait_ai_resync(struct osmo_fsm_inst *fi,
 	case VLR_AUTH_E_HLR_SAI_NACK:
 		auth_fsm_term(fi,
 			      gsup->cause == GMM_CAUSE_IMSI_UNKNOWN?
-				      VLR_AUTH_RES_UNKNOWN_SUBSCR
-				      : VLR_AUTH_RES_PROC_ERR);
+				      GSM48_REJECT_IMSI_UNKNOWN_IN_HLR
+				      : GSM48_REJECT_NETWORK_FAILURE);
 		break;
 	}
 
@@ -476,16 +474,16 @@ static void auth_fsm_wait_auth_resp_resync(struct osmo_fsm_inst *fi,
 						vlr_timer(vlr, 3270), 3270);
 			} else {
 				/* Result = Aborted */
-				auth_fsm_term(fi, VLR_AUTH_RES_ABORTED);
+				auth_fsm_term(fi, GSM48_REJECT_SYNCH_FAILURE);
 			}
 		} else {
 			/* Result = Pass */
-			auth_fsm_term(fi, VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED);
+			auth_fsm_term(fi, 0);
 		}
 		break;
 	case VLR_AUTH_E_MS_AUTH_FAIL:
 		/* Second failure: Result = Fail */
-		auth_fsm_term(fi, VLR_AUTH_RES_AUTH_FAILED);
+		auth_fsm_term(fi, GSM48_REJECT_SYNCH_FAILURE);
 		break;
 	}
 }
diff --git a/src/libvlr/vlr_auth_fsm.h b/src/libvlr/vlr_auth_fsm.h
index 226435f83..618462f9a 100644
--- a/src/libvlr/vlr_auth_fsm.h
+++ b/src/libvlr/vlr_auth_fsm.h
@@ -11,21 +11,6 @@ struct vlr_auth_resp_par {
 	const uint8_t *auts;
 };
 
-/* Result communicated back to parent FMS */
-enum vlr_auth_fsm_result {
-	VLR_AUTH_RES_ABORTED,
-	VLR_AUTH_RES_UNKNOWN_SUBSCR,
-	VLR_AUTH_RES_PROC_ERR,
-	VLR_AUTH_RES_AUTH_FAILED,
-	VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED,
-};
-
-extern const struct value_string vlr_auth_fsm_result_names[];
-static inline const char *vlr_auth_fsm_result_name(enum vlr_auth_fsm_result val)
-{
-	return get_value_string(vlr_auth_fsm_result_names, val);
-}
-
 enum vlr_fsm_auth_event {
 	VLR_AUTH_E_START,
 	/* TS 23.018 OAS_VLR1(2): SendAuthInfo ACK from HLR */
diff --git a/src/libvlr/vlr_lu_fsm.c b/src/libvlr/vlr_lu_fsm.c
index 908e0e3ca..3073bd6dc 100644
--- a/src/libvlr/vlr_lu_fsm.c
+++ b/src/libvlr/vlr_lu_fsm.c
@@ -741,11 +741,10 @@ static void lu_fsm_success(struct osmo_fsm_inst *fi)
 	_lu_fsm_done(fi, VLR_FSM_RESULT_SUCCESS);
 }
 
-static void lu_fsm_failure(struct osmo_fsm_inst *fi, uint8_t rej_cause)
+static void lu_fsm_failure(struct osmo_fsm_inst *fi, enum gsm48_reject_value rej_cause)
 {
 	struct lu_fsm_priv *lfp = lu_fsm_fi_priv(fi);
-	if (rej_cause)
-		lfp->vlr->ops.tx_lu_rej(lfp->msc_conn_ref, rej_cause);
+	lfp->vlr->ops.tx_lu_rej(lfp->msc_conn_ref, rej_cause ? : GSM48_REJECT_NETWORK_FAILURE);
 	_lu_fsm_done(fi, VLR_FSM_RESULT_FAILURE);
 }
 
@@ -1097,44 +1096,19 @@ static void lu_fsm_wait_auth(struct osmo_fsm_inst *fi, uint32_t event,
 			     void *data)
 {
 	struct lu_fsm_priv *lfp = lu_fsm_fi_priv(fi);
-	enum vlr_auth_fsm_result *res = data;
-	uint8_t rej_cause = 0;
+	enum gsm48_reject_value *res = data;
 
 	OSMO_ASSERT(event == VLR_ULA_E_AUTH_RES);
 
 	lfp->upd_hlr_vlr_fsm = NULL;
 
-	if (res) {
-		switch (*res) {
-		case VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED:
-			/* Result == Pass */
-			vlr_loc_upd_post_auth(fi);
-			return;
-		case VLR_AUTH_RES_ABORTED:
-			/* go to Idle with no response */
-			rej_cause = 0;
-			break;
-		case VLR_AUTH_RES_UNKNOWN_SUBSCR:
-			/* FIXME: delete subscribe record */
-			rej_cause = GSM48_REJECT_IMSI_UNKNOWN_IN_HLR;
-			break;
-		case VLR_AUTH_RES_AUTH_FAILED:
-			/* cause = illegal subscriber */
-			rej_cause = GSM48_REJECT_ILLEGAL_MS;
-			break;
-		case VLR_AUTH_RES_PROC_ERR:
-			/* cause = system failure */
-			rej_cause = GSM48_REJECT_NETWORK_FAILURE;
-			break;
-		default:
-			LOGPFSML(fi, LOGL_ERROR, "event without effect: %s\n",
-				 osmo_fsm_event_name(fi->fsm, event));
-			break;
-		}
-	} else
-		rej_cause = GSM48_REJECT_NETWORK_FAILURE;
+	if (!res || *res) {
+		lu_fsm_failure(fi, res? *res : GSM48_REJECT_NETWORK_FAILURE);
+		return;
+	}
 
-	lu_fsm_failure(fi, rej_cause);
+	/* Result == Pass */
+	vlr_loc_upd_post_auth(fi);
 }
 
 static void lu_fsm_wait_ciph(struct osmo_fsm_inst *fi, uint32_t event,
@@ -1489,14 +1463,20 @@ vlr_loc_update(struct osmo_fsm_inst *parent,
 	return fi;
 }
 
-/* Gracefully terminate an FSM created by vlr_loc_update() in case of external
- * timeout (i.e. from MSC). */
-void vlr_loc_update_conn_timeout(struct osmo_fsm_inst *fi)
+void vlr_loc_update_cancel(struct osmo_fsm_inst *fi,
+			   enum osmo_fsm_term_cause fsm_cause,
+			   uint8_t gsm48_cause)
 {
-	if (!fi || fi->state == VLR_ULA_S_DONE)
-		return;
-	LOGPFSM(fi, "Connection timed out\n");
-	lu_fsm_failure(fi, GSM48_REJECT_CONGESTION);
+	struct lu_fsm_priv *lfp;
+
+	OSMO_ASSERT(fi);
+	OSMO_ASSERT(fi->fsm == &vlr_lu_fsm);
+
+	lfp = fi->priv;
+	lfp->rej_cause = gsm48_cause;
+
+	if (fi->state != VLR_ULA_S_DONE)
+		lu_fsm_failure(fi, gsm48_cause);
 }
 
 void vlr_lu_fsm_init(void)
diff --git a/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_authen_reuse.err b/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_authen_reuse.err
index ddd48eb5f..7ac510b00 100644
--- a/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_authen_reuse.err
+++ b/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_authen_reuse.err
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ DMM IMSI:901700000010650: MM UMTS AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE (res = e229c19e791f2e4
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_MS_AUTH_RESP
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000010650) AUTH on GERAN received SRES/RES: e229c19e791f2e41 (8 bytes)
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000010650) AUTH established UMTS security context
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result PASSED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(LU:901700000010650)
@@ -230,23 +230,22 @@ DMM MSISDN:42342: MM UMTS AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE (res = e229c19e791f2e41)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_MS_AUTH_RESP
 DVLR SUBSCR(MSISDN:42342) AUTH on GERAN received SRES/RES: e229c19e791f2e41 (8 bytes)
 DVLR SUBSCR(MSISDN:42342) AUTH established UMTS security context
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result PASSED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event PR_ARQ_E_AUTH_RES
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: got VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2_post_ciph()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2_post_vlr()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_pres()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_trace()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_imei()
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: proc_arq_fsm_done(VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: proc_arq_fsm_done(PASSED)
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: state_chg to PR_ARQ_S_DONE
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: PASSED
 - sending CM Service Accept for MSISDN:42342
 DMM Subscr_Conn(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){SUBSCR_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DREF MSISDN:42342: MSC conn use + cm_service == 2 (0xa)
@@ -353,23 +352,22 @@ DMM MSISDN:42342: MM UMTS AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE (res = 7db47cf7f81e4dc7)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_MS_AUTH_RESP
 DVLR SUBSCR(MSISDN:42342) AUTH on GERAN received SRES/RES: 7db47cf7f81e4dc7 (8 bytes)
 DVLR SUBSCR(MSISDN:42342) AUTH established UMTS security context
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result PASSED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event PR_ARQ_E_AUTH_RES
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: got VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2_post_ciph()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2_post_vlr()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_pres()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_trace()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_imei()
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: proc_arq_fsm_done(VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: proc_arq_fsm_done(PASSED)
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: state_chg to PR_ARQ_S_DONE
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: PASSED
 - sending CM Service Accept for MSISDN:42342
 DMM Subscr_Conn(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){SUBSCR_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DREF MSISDN:42342: MSC conn use + cm_service == 2 (0xa)
@@ -425,11 +423,12 @@ DRLL Dispatching 04.08 message GSM48_MT_MM_IMSI_DETACH_IND (0x5:0x1)
 DMM IMSI DETACH INDICATION: MI(IMSI)=901700000010650
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:42342 usage increases to: 2
 DMM IMSI DETACH for MSISDN:42342
+DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:42342 usage increases to: 3
+DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:42342 usage decreases to: 2
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:42342 usage decreases to: 1
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:42342 usage decreases to: 0
 DREF freeing VLR subscr MSISDN:42342
 DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_CN_CLOSE
-DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: Close event, cause 0
 DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: state_chg to SUBSCR_CONN_S_RELEASING
 DREF unknown: MSC conn use + release == 2 (0x101)
 - BSSAP Clear --RAN_GERAN_A--> MS
@@ -506,7 +505,7 @@ DMM IMSI:901700000010650: MM UMTS AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE (res = e229c19e791f2e4
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_MS_AUTH_RESP
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000010650) AUTH on UTRAN received RES: e229c19e791f2e41 (8 bytes)
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000010650) AUTH established UMTS security context
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result PASSED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(LU:901700000010650)
@@ -690,14 +689,13 @@ DMM MSISDN:42342: MM UMTS AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE (res = e229c19e791f2e41)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_MS_AUTH_RESP
 DVLR SUBSCR(MSISDN:42342) AUTH on UTRAN received RES: e229c19e791f2e41 (8 bytes)
 DVLR SUBSCR(MSISDN:42342) AUTH established UMTS security context
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result PASSED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event PR_ARQ_E_AUTH_RES
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: got VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Set Ciphering Mode
 DMM -> SECURITY MODE CONTROL MSISDN:42342
@@ -719,9 +717,9 @@ DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CI
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_pres()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_trace()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_imei()
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: proc_arq_fsm_done(VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: proc_arq_fsm_done(PASSED)
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: state_chg to PR_ARQ_S_DONE
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: PASSED
 DMM Subscr_Conn(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){SUBSCR_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DREF MSISDN:42342: MSC conn use + cm_service == 1 (0x8)
 DMM Subscr_Conn(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){SUBSCR_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: state_chg to SUBSCR_CONN_S_ACCEPTED
@@ -826,14 +824,13 @@ DMM MSISDN:42342: MM UMTS AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE (res = 7db47cf7f81e4dc7)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_MS_AUTH_RESP
 DVLR SUBSCR(MSISDN:42342) AUTH on UTRAN received RES: 7db47cf7f81e4dc7 (8 bytes)
 DVLR SUBSCR(MSISDN:42342) AUTH established UMTS security context
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result PASSED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event PR_ARQ_E_AUTH_RES
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: got VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Set Ciphering Mode
 DMM -> SECURITY MODE CONTROL MSISDN:42342
@@ -855,9 +852,9 @@ DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CI
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_pres()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_trace()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_imei()
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: proc_arq_fsm_done(VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: proc_arq_fsm_done(PASSED)
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: state_chg to PR_ARQ_S_DONE
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: PASSED
 DMM Subscr_Conn(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){SUBSCR_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DREF MSISDN:42342: MSC conn use + cm_service == 1 (0x8)
 DMM Subscr_Conn(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){SUBSCR_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: state_chg to SUBSCR_CONN_S_ACCEPTED
@@ -911,11 +908,12 @@ DRLL Dispatching 04.08 message GSM48_MT_MM_IMSI_DETACH_IND (0x5:0x1)
 DMM IMSI DETACH INDICATION: MI(IMSI)=901700000010650
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:42342 usage increases to: 2
 DMM IMSI DETACH for MSISDN:42342
+DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:42342 usage increases to: 3
+DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:42342 usage decreases to: 2
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:42342 usage decreases to: 1
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:42342 usage decreases to: 0
 DREF freeing VLR subscr MSISDN:42342
 DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_CN_CLOSE
-DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: Close event, cause 0
 DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: state_chg to SUBSCR_CONN_S_RELEASING
 DREF unknown: MSC conn use + release == 2 (0x101)
 - Iu Release --RAN_UTRAN_IU--> MS
@@ -992,7 +990,7 @@ DMM IMSI:901700000010650: MM UMTS AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE (res = e229c19e791f2e4
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_MS_AUTH_RESP
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000010650) AUTH on GERAN received SRES/RES: e229c19e791f2e41 (8 bytes)
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000010650) AUTH established UMTS security context
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result PASSED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(LU:901700000010650)
@@ -1164,23 +1162,22 @@ DMM MSISDN:42342: MM UMTS AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE (res = e229c19e791f2e41)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_MS_AUTH_RESP
 DVLR SUBSCR(MSISDN:42342) AUTH on GERAN received SRES/RES: e229c19e791f2e41 (8 bytes)
 DVLR SUBSCR(MSISDN:42342) AUTH established UMTS security context
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result PASSED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event PR_ARQ_E_AUTH_RES
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: got VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2_post_ciph()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2_post_vlr()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_pres()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_trace()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_imei()
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: proc_arq_fsm_done(VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: proc_arq_fsm_done(PASSED)
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: state_chg to PR_ARQ_S_DONE
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: PASSED
 - sending CM Service Accept for MSISDN:42342
 DMM Subscr_Conn(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){SUBSCR_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DREF MSISDN:42342: MSC conn use + cm_service == 2 (0xa)
@@ -1273,23 +1270,22 @@ DMM MSISDN:42342: MM UMTS AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE (res = e229c19e791f2e41)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_MS_AUTH_RESP
 DVLR SUBSCR(MSISDN:42342) AUTH on GERAN received SRES/RES: e229c19e791f2e41 (8 bytes)
 DVLR SUBSCR(MSISDN:42342) AUTH established UMTS security context
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result PASSED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event PR_ARQ_E_AUTH_RES
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: got VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2_post_ciph()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2_post_vlr()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_pres()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_trace()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_imei()
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: proc_arq_fsm_done(VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: proc_arq_fsm_done(PASSED)
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: state_chg to PR_ARQ_S_DONE
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: PASSED
 - sending CM Service Accept for MSISDN:42342
 DMM Subscr_Conn(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){SUBSCR_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DREF MSISDN:42342: MSC conn use + cm_service == 2 (0xa)
@@ -1382,23 +1378,22 @@ DMM MSISDN:42342: MM UMTS AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE (res = e229c19e791f2e41)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_MS_AUTH_RESP
 DVLR SUBSCR(MSISDN:42342) AUTH on GERAN received SRES/RES: e229c19e791f2e41 (8 bytes)
 DVLR SUBSCR(MSISDN:42342) AUTH established UMTS security context
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result PASSED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event PR_ARQ_E_AUTH_RES
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: got VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2_post_ciph()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2_post_vlr()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_pres()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_trace()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_imei()
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: proc_arq_fsm_done(VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: proc_arq_fsm_done(PASSED)
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: state_chg to PR_ARQ_S_DONE
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: PASSED
 - sending CM Service Accept for MSISDN:42342
 DMM Subscr_Conn(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){SUBSCR_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DREF MSISDN:42342: MSC conn use + cm_service == 2 (0xa)
@@ -1454,11 +1449,12 @@ DRLL Dispatching 04.08 message GSM48_MT_MM_IMSI_DETACH_IND (0x5:0x1)
 DMM IMSI DETACH INDICATION: MI(IMSI)=901700000010650
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:42342 usage increases to: 2
 DMM IMSI DETACH for MSISDN:42342
+DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:42342 usage increases to: 3
+DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:42342 usage decreases to: 2
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:42342 usage decreases to: 1
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:42342 usage decreases to: 0
 DREF freeing VLR subscr MSISDN:42342
 DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_CN_CLOSE
-DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: Close event, cause 0
 DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: state_chg to SUBSCR_CONN_S_RELEASING
 DREF unknown: MSC conn use + release == 2 (0x101)
 - BSSAP Clear --RAN_GERAN_A--> MS
@@ -1535,7 +1531,7 @@ DMM IMSI:901700000010650: MM UMTS AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE (res = e229c19e791f2e4
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_MS_AUTH_RESP
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000010650) AUTH on UTRAN received RES: e229c19e791f2e41 (8 bytes)
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000010650) AUTH established UMTS security context
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result PASSED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(LU:901700000010650)
@@ -1719,14 +1715,13 @@ DMM MSISDN:42342: MM UMTS AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE (res = e229c19e791f2e41)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_MS_AUTH_RESP
 DVLR SUBSCR(MSISDN:42342) AUTH on UTRAN received RES: e229c19e791f2e41 (8 bytes)
 DVLR SUBSCR(MSISDN:42342) AUTH established UMTS security context
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result PASSED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event PR_ARQ_E_AUTH_RES
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: got VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Set Ciphering Mode
 DMM -> SECURITY MODE CONTROL MSISDN:42342
@@ -1748,9 +1743,9 @@ DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CI
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_pres()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_trace()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_imei()
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: proc_arq_fsm_done(VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: proc_arq_fsm_done(PASSED)
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: state_chg to PR_ARQ_S_DONE
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: PASSED
 DMM Subscr_Conn(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){SUBSCR_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DREF MSISDN:42342: MSC conn use + cm_service == 1 (0x8)
 DMM Subscr_Conn(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){SUBSCR_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: state_chg to SUBSCR_CONN_S_ACCEPTED
@@ -1841,14 +1836,13 @@ DMM MSISDN:42342: MM UMTS AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE (res = e229c19e791f2e41)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_MS_AUTH_RESP
 DVLR SUBSCR(MSISDN:42342) AUTH on UTRAN received RES: e229c19e791f2e41 (8 bytes)
 DVLR SUBSCR(MSISDN:42342) AUTH established UMTS security context
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result PASSED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event PR_ARQ_E_AUTH_RES
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: got VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Set Ciphering Mode
 DMM -> SECURITY MODE CONTROL MSISDN:42342
@@ -1870,9 +1864,9 @@ DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CI
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_pres()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_trace()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_imei()
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: proc_arq_fsm_done(VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: proc_arq_fsm_done(PASSED)
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: state_chg to PR_ARQ_S_DONE
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: PASSED
 DMM Subscr_Conn(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){SUBSCR_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DREF MSISDN:42342: MSC conn use + cm_service == 1 (0x8)
 DMM Subscr_Conn(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){SUBSCR_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: state_chg to SUBSCR_CONN_S_ACCEPTED
@@ -1963,14 +1957,13 @@ DMM MSISDN:42342: MM UMTS AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE (res = e229c19e791f2e41)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_MS_AUTH_RESP
 DVLR SUBSCR(MSISDN:42342) AUTH on UTRAN received RES: e229c19e791f2e41 (8 bytes)
 DVLR SUBSCR(MSISDN:42342) AUTH established UMTS security context
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result PASSED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event PR_ARQ_E_AUTH_RES
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: got VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Set Ciphering Mode
 DMM -> SECURITY MODE CONTROL MSISDN:42342
@@ -1992,9 +1985,9 @@ DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CI
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_pres()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_trace()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_imei()
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: proc_arq_fsm_done(VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: proc_arq_fsm_done(PASSED)
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: state_chg to PR_ARQ_S_DONE
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: PASSED
 DMM Subscr_Conn(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){SUBSCR_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DREF MSISDN:42342: MSC conn use + cm_service == 1 (0x8)
 DMM Subscr_Conn(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){SUBSCR_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: state_chg to SUBSCR_CONN_S_ACCEPTED
@@ -2048,11 +2041,12 @@ DRLL Dispatching 04.08 message GSM48_MT_MM_IMSI_DETACH_IND (0x5:0x1)
 DMM IMSI DETACH INDICATION: MI(IMSI)=901700000010650
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:42342 usage increases to: 2
 DMM IMSI DETACH for MSISDN:42342
+DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:42342 usage increases to: 3
+DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:42342 usage decreases to: 2
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:42342 usage decreases to: 1
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:42342 usage decreases to: 0
 DREF freeing VLR subscr MSISDN:42342
 DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_CN_CLOSE
-DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: Close event, cause 0
 DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: state_chg to SUBSCR_CONN_S_RELEASING
 DREF unknown: MSC conn use + release == 2 (0x101)
 - Iu Release --RAN_UTRAN_IU--> MS
@@ -2129,7 +2123,7 @@ DMM IMSI:901700000010650: MM UMTS AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE (res = e229c19e791f2e4
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_MS_AUTH_RESP
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000010650) AUTH on GERAN received SRES/RES: e229c19e791f2e41 (8 bytes)
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000010650) AUTH established UMTS security context
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result PASSED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(LU:901700000010650)
@@ -2315,23 +2309,22 @@ DMM MSISDN:42342: MM UMTS AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE (res = 7db47cf7f81e4dc7)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_MS_AUTH_RESP
 DVLR SUBSCR(MSISDN:42342) AUTH on GERAN received SRES/RES: 7db47cf7f81e4dc7 (8 bytes)
 DVLR SUBSCR(MSISDN:42342) AUTH established UMTS security context
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result PASSED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event PR_ARQ_E_AUTH_RES
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: got VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2_post_ciph()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2_post_vlr()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_pres()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_trace()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_imei()
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: proc_arq_fsm_done(VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: proc_arq_fsm_done(PASSED)
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: state_chg to PR_ARQ_S_DONE
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: PASSED
 - sending CM Service Accept for MSISDN:42342
 DMM Subscr_Conn(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){SUBSCR_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DREF MSISDN:42342: MSC conn use + cm_service == 2 (0xa)
@@ -2387,11 +2380,12 @@ DRLL Dispatching 04.08 message GSM48_MT_MM_IMSI_DETACH_IND (0x5:0x1)
 DMM IMSI DETACH INDICATION: MI(IMSI)=901700000010650
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:42342 usage increases to: 2
 DMM IMSI DETACH for MSISDN:42342
+DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:42342 usage increases to: 3
+DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:42342 usage decreases to: 2
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:42342 usage decreases to: 1
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:42342 usage decreases to: 0
 DREF freeing VLR subscr MSISDN:42342
 DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_CN_CLOSE
-DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: Close event, cause 0
 DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: state_chg to SUBSCR_CONN_S_RELEASING
 DREF unknown: MSC conn use + release == 2 (0x101)
 - BSSAP Clear --RAN_GERAN_A--> MS
@@ -2468,7 +2462,7 @@ DMM IMSI:901700000010650: MM UMTS AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE (res = e229c19e791f2e4
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_MS_AUTH_RESP
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000010650) AUTH on UTRAN received RES: e229c19e791f2e41 (8 bytes)
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000010650) AUTH established UMTS security context
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result PASSED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(LU:901700000010650)
@@ -2666,14 +2660,13 @@ DMM MSISDN:42342: MM UMTS AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE (res = 7db47cf7f81e4dc7)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_MS_AUTH_RESP
 DVLR SUBSCR(MSISDN:42342) AUTH on UTRAN received RES: 7db47cf7f81e4dc7 (8 bytes)
 DVLR SUBSCR(MSISDN:42342) AUTH established UMTS security context
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result PASSED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event PR_ARQ_E_AUTH_RES
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: got VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Set Ciphering Mode
 DMM -> SECURITY MODE CONTROL MSISDN:42342
@@ -2695,9 +2688,9 @@ DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CI
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_pres()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_trace()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_imei()
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: proc_arq_fsm_done(VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: proc_arq_fsm_done(PASSED)
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: state_chg to PR_ARQ_S_DONE
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: PASSED
 DMM Subscr_Conn(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){SUBSCR_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DREF MSISDN:42342: MSC conn use + cm_service == 1 (0x8)
 DMM Subscr_Conn(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){SUBSCR_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: state_chg to SUBSCR_CONN_S_ACCEPTED
@@ -2751,11 +2744,12 @@ DRLL Dispatching 04.08 message GSM48_MT_MM_IMSI_DETACH_IND (0x5:0x1)
 DMM IMSI DETACH INDICATION: MI(IMSI)=901700000010650
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:42342 usage increases to: 2
 DMM IMSI DETACH for MSISDN:42342
+DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:42342 usage increases to: 3
+DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:42342 usage decreases to: 2
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:42342 usage decreases to: 1
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:42342 usage decreases to: 0
 DREF freeing VLR subscr MSISDN:42342
 DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_CN_CLOSE
-DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: Close event, cause 0
 DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: state_chg to SUBSCR_CONN_S_RELEASING
 DREF unknown: MSC conn use + release == 2 (0x101)
 - Iu Release --RAN_UTRAN_IU--> MS
diff --git a/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_call.err b/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_call.err
index 4956616cd..191835765 100644
--- a/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_call.err
+++ b/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_call.err
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ DMM IMSI:901700000010650: MM UMTS AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE (res = e229c19e791f2e4
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_MS_AUTH_RESP
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000010650) AUTH on UTRAN received RES: e229c19e791f2e41 (8 bytes)
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000010650) AUTH established UMTS security context
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result PASSED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(LU:901700000010650)
@@ -229,14 +229,13 @@ DMM MSISDN:42342: MM UMTS AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE (res = 7db47cf7f81e4dc7)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_MS_AUTH_RESP
 DVLR SUBSCR(MSISDN:42342) AUTH on UTRAN received RES: 7db47cf7f81e4dc7 (8 bytes)
 DVLR SUBSCR(MSISDN:42342) AUTH established UMTS security context
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result PASSED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event PR_ARQ_E_AUTH_RES
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: got VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Set Ciphering Mode
 DMM -> SECURITY MODE CONTROL MSISDN:42342
@@ -258,9 +257,9 @@ DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CI
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_pres()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_trace()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_imei()
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: proc_arq_fsm_done(VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: proc_arq_fsm_done(PASSED)
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: state_chg to PR_ARQ_S_DONE
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: PASSED
 DMM Subscr_Conn(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){SUBSCR_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DREF MSISDN:42342: MSC conn use + cm_service == 1 (0x8)
 DMM Subscr_Conn(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){SUBSCR_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: state_chg to SUBSCR_CONN_S_ACCEPTED
@@ -438,7 +437,7 @@ DMM IMSI:901700000010650: MM UMTS AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE (res = e229c19e791f2e4
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_MS_AUTH_RESP
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000010650) AUTH on UTRAN received RES: e229c19e791f2e41 (8 bytes)
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000010650) AUTH established UMTS security context
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result PASSED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(LU:901700000010650)
@@ -617,14 +616,13 @@ DMM MSISDN:42342: MM UMTS AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE (res = 7db47cf7f81e4dc7)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_MS_AUTH_RESP
 DVLR SUBSCR(MSISDN:42342) AUTH on UTRAN received RES: 7db47cf7f81e4dc7 (8 bytes)
 DVLR SUBSCR(MSISDN:42342) AUTH established UMTS security context
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result PASSED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event PR_ARQ_E_AUTH_RES
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: got VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Set Ciphering Mode
 DMM -> SECURITY MODE CONTROL MSISDN:42342
@@ -645,9 +643,9 @@ DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_pres()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_trace()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_imei()
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: proc_arq_fsm_done(VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: proc_arq_fsm_done(PASSED)
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: state_chg to PR_ARQ_S_DONE
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: PASSED
 DMM Subscr_Conn(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){SUBSCR_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DPAG Paging success for MSISDN:42342 (event=0)
 DPAG Calling paging cbfn.
@@ -822,7 +820,7 @@ DMM IMSI:901700000010650: MM UMTS AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE (res = e229c19e791f2e4
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_MS_AUTH_RESP
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000010650) AUTH on UTRAN received RES: e229c19e791f2e41 (8 bytes)
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000010650) AUTH established UMTS security context
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result PASSED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(LU:901700000010650)
@@ -1001,14 +999,13 @@ DMM MSISDN:42342: MM UMTS AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE (res = 7db47cf7f81e4dc7)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_MS_AUTH_RESP
 DVLR SUBSCR(MSISDN:42342) AUTH on UTRAN received RES: 7db47cf7f81e4dc7 (8 bytes)
 DVLR SUBSCR(MSISDN:42342) AUTH established UMTS security context
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result PASSED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event PR_ARQ_E_AUTH_RES
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: got VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Set Ciphering Mode
 DMM -> SECURITY MODE CONTROL MSISDN:42342
@@ -1029,9 +1026,9 @@ DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_pres()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_trace()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_imei()
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: proc_arq_fsm_done(VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: proc_arq_fsm_done(PASSED)
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: state_chg to PR_ARQ_S_DONE
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: PASSED
 DMM Subscr_Conn(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){SUBSCR_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DPAG Paging success for MSISDN:42342 (event=0)
 DPAG Calling paging cbfn.
@@ -1074,7 +1071,6 @@ DREF MSISDN:42342: MSC conn use - dtap == 1 (0x10)
 - Total time passed: 16.000046 s
 - The call failed, the BSC sends a BSSMAP Clear Request
 DMM Subscr_Conn(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){SUBSCR_CONN_S_COMMUNICATING}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_CN_CLOSE
-DMM Subscr_Conn(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){SUBSCR_CONN_S_COMMUNICATING}: Close event, cause 0
 DMM Subscr_Conn(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){SUBSCR_CONN_S_COMMUNICATING}: state_chg to SUBSCR_CONN_S_RELEASING
 DREF MSISDN:42342: MSC conn use + release == 2 (0x110)
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:42342 usage increases to: 4
@@ -1175,7 +1171,7 @@ DMM IMSI:901700000010650: MM UMTS AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE (res = e229c19e791f2e4
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_MS_AUTH_RESP
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000010650) AUTH on UTRAN received RES: e229c19e791f2e41 (8 bytes)
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000010650) AUTH established UMTS security context
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result PASSED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(LU:901700000010650)
@@ -1345,14 +1341,13 @@ DMM MSISDN:42342: MM UMTS AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE (res = 7db47cf7f81e4dc7)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_MS_AUTH_RESP
 DVLR SUBSCR(MSISDN:42342) AUTH on UTRAN received RES: 7db47cf7f81e4dc7 (8 bytes)
 DVLR SUBSCR(MSISDN:42342) AUTH established UMTS security context
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result PASSED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event PR_ARQ_E_AUTH_RES
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: got VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Set Ciphering Mode
 DMM -> SECURITY MODE CONTROL MSISDN:42342
@@ -1374,9 +1369,9 @@ DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CI
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_pres()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_trace()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_imei()
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: proc_arq_fsm_done(VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: proc_arq_fsm_done(PASSED)
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: state_chg to PR_ARQ_S_DONE
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: PASSED
 DMM Subscr_Conn(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){SUBSCR_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DREF MSISDN:42342: MSC conn use + cm_service == 1 (0x8)
 DMM Subscr_Conn(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){SUBSCR_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: state_chg to SUBSCR_CONN_S_ACCEPTED
@@ -1520,7 +1515,7 @@ DMM IMSI:901700000010650: MM UMTS AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE (res = e229c19e791f2e4
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_MS_AUTH_RESP
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000010650) AUTH on UTRAN received RES: e229c19e791f2e41 (8 bytes)
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000010650) AUTH established UMTS security context
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result PASSED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(LU:901700000010650)
@@ -1690,14 +1685,13 @@ DMM MSISDN:42342: MM UMTS AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE (res = 7db47cf7f81e4dc7)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_MS_AUTH_RESP
 DVLR SUBSCR(MSISDN:42342) AUTH on UTRAN received RES: 7db47cf7f81e4dc7 (8 bytes)
 DVLR SUBSCR(MSISDN:42342) AUTH established UMTS security context
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result PASSED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event PR_ARQ_E_AUTH_RES
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: got VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Set Ciphering Mode
 DMM -> SECURITY MODE CONTROL MSISDN:42342
@@ -1719,9 +1713,9 @@ DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CI
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_pres()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_trace()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_imei()
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: proc_arq_fsm_done(VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: proc_arq_fsm_done(PASSED)
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: state_chg to PR_ARQ_S_DONE
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: PASSED
 DMM Subscr_Conn(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){SUBSCR_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DREF MSISDN:42342: MSC conn use + cm_service == 1 (0x8)
 DMM Subscr_Conn(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){SUBSCR_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: state_chg to SUBSCR_CONN_S_ACCEPTED
diff --git a/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_gsm_authen.err b/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_gsm_authen.err
index a34fd9197..24a085ff9 100644
--- a/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_gsm_authen.err
+++ b/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_gsm_authen.err
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ DMM IMSI:901700000004620: MM GSM AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE (sres = 2d8b2c3e)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_MS_AUTH_RESP
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000004620) AUTH on GERAN received SRES/RES: 2d8b2c3e (4 bytes)
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000004620) AUTH established GSM security context
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result PASSED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(LU:901700000004620)
@@ -223,23 +223,22 @@ DMM MSISDN:46071: MM GSM AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE (sres = 20bde240)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_MS_AUTH_RESP
 DVLR SUBSCR(MSISDN:46071) AUTH on GERAN received SRES/RES: 20bde240 (4 bytes)
 DVLR SUBSCR(MSISDN:46071) AUTH established GSM security context
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result PASSED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event PR_ARQ_E_AUTH_RES
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: got VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2_post_ciph()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2_post_vlr()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_pres()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_trace()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_imei()
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: proc_arq_fsm_done(VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: proc_arq_fsm_done(PASSED)
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: state_chg to PR_ARQ_S_DONE
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: PASSED
 - sending CM Service Accept for MSISDN:46071
 DMM Subscr_Conn(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){SUBSCR_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DREF MSISDN:46071: MSC conn use + cm_service == 2 (0xa)
@@ -352,23 +351,22 @@ DMM MSISDN:46071: MM GSM AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE (sres = a29514ae)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_MS_AUTH_RESP
 DVLR SUBSCR(MSISDN:46071) AUTH on GERAN received SRES/RES: a29514ae (4 bytes)
 DVLR SUBSCR(MSISDN:46071) AUTH established GSM security context
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result PASSED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event PR_ARQ_E_AUTH_RES
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: got VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2_post_ciph()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2_post_vlr()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_pres()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_trace()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_imei()
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: proc_arq_fsm_done(VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: proc_arq_fsm_done(PASSED)
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: state_chg to PR_ARQ_S_DONE
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: PASSED
 DMM Subscr_Conn(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){SUBSCR_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DPAG Paging success for MSISDN:46071 (event=0)
 DPAG Calling paging cbfn.
@@ -443,11 +441,12 @@ DRLL Dispatching 04.08 message GSM48_MT_MM_IMSI_DETACH_IND (0x5:0x1)
 DMM IMSI DETACH INDICATION: MI(IMSI)=901700000004620
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage increases to: 2
 DMM IMSI DETACH for MSISDN:46071
+DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage increases to: 3
+DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 2
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 1
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 0
 DREF freeing VLR subscr MSISDN:46071
 DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_CN_CLOSE
-DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: Close event, cause 0
 DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: state_chg to SUBSCR_CONN_S_RELEASING
 DREF unknown: MSC conn use + release == 2 (0x101)
 - BSSAP Clear --RAN_GERAN_A--> MS
@@ -542,7 +541,7 @@ DMM IMSI:901700000004620: MM GSM AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE (sres = 2d8b2c3e)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_MS_AUTH_RESP
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000004620) AUTH on GERAN received SRES/RES: 2d8b2c3e (4 bytes)
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000004620) AUTH established GSM security context
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result PASSED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(LU:901700000004620)
@@ -725,23 +724,22 @@ DMM MSISDN:46071: MM GSM AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE (sres = 20bde240)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:50462976){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_MS_AUTH_RESP
 DVLR SUBSCR(MSISDN:46071) AUTH on GERAN received SRES/RES: 20bde240 (4 bytes)
 DVLR SUBSCR(MSISDN:46071) AUTH established GSM security context
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:50462976){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:50462976){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result PASSED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:50462976){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:50462976){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:50462976){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:50462976)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:50462976){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:50462976){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:50462976){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event PR_ARQ_E_AUTH_RES
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:50462976){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: got VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:50462976){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:50462976){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2_post_ciph()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:50462976){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2_post_vlr()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:50462976){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_pres()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:50462976){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_trace()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:50462976){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_imei()
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:50462976){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: proc_arq_fsm_done(VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:50462976){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: proc_arq_fsm_done(PASSED)
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:50462976){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: state_chg to PR_ARQ_S_DONE
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:50462976){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:50462976){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: PASSED
 - sending CM Service Accept for MSISDN:46071
 DMM Subscr_Conn(CM_SERVICE_REQ:50462976){SUBSCR_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DREF MSISDN:46071: MSC conn use + cm_service == 2 (0xa)
@@ -854,23 +852,22 @@ DMM MSISDN:46071: MM GSM AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE (sres = a29514ae)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:50462976){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_MS_AUTH_RESP
 DVLR SUBSCR(MSISDN:46071) AUTH on GERAN received SRES/RES: a29514ae (4 bytes)
 DVLR SUBSCR(MSISDN:46071) AUTH established GSM security context
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:50462976){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:50462976){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result PASSED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:50462976){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:50462976){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:50462976){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:50462976)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:50462976){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:50462976){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:50462976){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event PR_ARQ_E_AUTH_RES
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:50462976){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: got VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:50462976){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:50462976){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2_post_ciph()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:50462976){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2_post_vlr()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:50462976){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_pres()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:50462976){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_trace()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:50462976){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_imei()
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:50462976){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: proc_arq_fsm_done(VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:50462976){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: proc_arq_fsm_done(PASSED)
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:50462976){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: state_chg to PR_ARQ_S_DONE
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:50462976){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:50462976){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: PASSED
 DMM Subscr_Conn(PAGING_RESP:50462976){SUBSCR_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DPAG Paging success for MSISDN:46071 (event=0)
 DPAG Calling paging cbfn.
@@ -978,7 +975,7 @@ DMM MSISDN:46071: MM GSM AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE (sres = 5afc8d72)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:50462976){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_MS_AUTH_RESP
 DVLR SUBSCR(MSISDN:46071) AUTH on GERAN received SRES/RES: 5afc8d72 (4 bytes)
 DVLR SUBSCR(MSISDN:46071) AUTH established GSM security context
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:50462976){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:50462976){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result PASSED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:50462976){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:50462976){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:50462976){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(LU:50462976)
@@ -1118,11 +1115,12 @@ DRLL Dispatching 04.08 message GSM48_MT_MM_IMSI_DETACH_IND (0x5:0x1)
 DMM IMSI DETACH INDICATION: MI(TMSI)=117835012
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage increases to: 2
 DMM IMSI DETACH for MSISDN:46071
+DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage increases to: 3
+DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 2
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 1
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 0
 DREF freeing VLR subscr MSISDN:46071
 DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_CN_CLOSE
-DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: Close event, cause 0
 DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: state_chg to SUBSCR_CONN_S_RELEASING
 DREF unknown: MSC conn use + release == 2 (0x101)
 - BSSAP Clear --RAN_GERAN_A--> MS
@@ -1217,7 +1215,7 @@ DMM IMSI:901700000004620: MM GSM AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE (sres = 2d8b2c3e)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_MS_AUTH_RESP
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000004620) AUTH on GERAN received SRES/RES: 2d8b2c3e (4 bytes)
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000004620) AUTH established GSM security context
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result PASSED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(LU:901700000004620)
@@ -1354,11 +1352,12 @@ DRLL Dispatching 04.08 message GSM48_MT_MM_IMSI_DETACH_IND (0x5:0x1)
 DMM IMSI DETACH INDICATION: MI(IMSI)=901700000004620
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage increases to: 2
 DMM IMSI DETACH for MSISDN:46071
+DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage increases to: 3
+DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 2
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 1
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 0
 DREF freeing VLR subscr MSISDN:46071
 DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_CN_CLOSE
-DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: Close event, cause 0
 DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: state_chg to SUBSCR_CONN_S_RELEASING
 DREF unknown: MSC conn use + release == 2 (0x101)
 - BSSAP Clear --RAN_GERAN_A--> MS
@@ -1453,7 +1452,7 @@ DMM IMSI:901700000004620: MM GSM AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE (sres = 2d8b2c3e)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_MS_AUTH_RESP
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000004620) AUTH on GERAN received SRES/RES: 2d8b2c3e (4 bytes)
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000004620) AUTH established GSM security context
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result PASSED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(LU:901700000004620)
@@ -1622,11 +1621,12 @@ DRLL Dispatching 04.08 message GSM48_MT_MM_IMSI_DETACH_IND (0x5:0x1)
 DMM IMSI DETACH INDICATION: MI(TMSI)=50462976
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage increases to: 2
 DMM IMSI DETACH for MSISDN:46071
+DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage increases to: 3
+DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 2
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 1
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 0
 DREF freeing VLR subscr MSISDN:46071
 DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_CN_CLOSE
-DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: Close event, cause 0
 DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: state_chg to SUBSCR_CONN_S_RELEASING
 DREF unknown: MSC conn use + release == 2 (0x101)
 - BSSAP Clear --RAN_GERAN_A--> MS
@@ -1702,7 +1702,7 @@ DMM IMSI:901700000010650: MM GSM AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE (sres = 9b36efdf)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_MS_AUTH_RESP
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000010650) AUTH on GERAN received SRES/RES: 9b36efdf (4 bytes)
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000010650) AUTH established GSM security context
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result PASSED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(LU:901700000010650)
@@ -1849,23 +1849,22 @@ DMM MSISDN:42342: MM GSM AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE (sres = 85aa3130)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_MS_AUTH_RESP
 DVLR SUBSCR(MSISDN:42342) AUTH on GERAN received SRES/RES: 85aa3130 (4 bytes)
 DVLR SUBSCR(MSISDN:42342) AUTH established GSM security context
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result PASSED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event PR_ARQ_E_AUTH_RES
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: got VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2_post_ciph()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2_post_vlr()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_pres()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_trace()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_imei()
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: proc_arq_fsm_done(VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: proc_arq_fsm_done(PASSED)
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: state_chg to PR_ARQ_S_DONE
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: PASSED
 - sending CM Service Accept for MSISDN:42342
 DMM Subscr_Conn(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){SUBSCR_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DREF MSISDN:42342: MSC conn use + cm_service == 2 (0xa)
@@ -1978,23 +1977,22 @@ DMM MSISDN:42342: MM GSM AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE (sres = 69d5f9fb)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_MS_AUTH_RESP
 DVLR SUBSCR(MSISDN:42342) AUTH on GERAN received SRES/RES: 69d5f9fb (4 bytes)
 DVLR SUBSCR(MSISDN:42342) AUTH established GSM security context
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result PASSED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event PR_ARQ_E_AUTH_RES
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: got VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2_post_ciph()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2_post_vlr()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_pres()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_trace()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_imei()
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: proc_arq_fsm_done(VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: proc_arq_fsm_done(PASSED)
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: state_chg to PR_ARQ_S_DONE
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: PASSED
 DMM Subscr_Conn(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){SUBSCR_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DPAG Paging success for MSISDN:42342 (event=0)
 DPAG Calling paging cbfn.
@@ -2069,11 +2067,12 @@ DRLL Dispatching 04.08 message GSM48_MT_MM_IMSI_DETACH_IND (0x5:0x1)
 DMM IMSI DETACH INDICATION: MI(IMSI)=901700000010650
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:42342 usage increases to: 2
 DMM IMSI DETACH for MSISDN:42342
+DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:42342 usage increases to: 3
+DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:42342 usage decreases to: 2
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:42342 usage decreases to: 1
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:42342 usage decreases to: 0
 DREF freeing VLR subscr MSISDN:42342
 DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_CN_CLOSE
-DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: Close event, cause 0
 DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: state_chg to SUBSCR_CONN_S_RELEASING
 DREF unknown: MSC conn use + release == 2 (0x101)
 - BSSAP Clear --RAN_GERAN_A--> MS
@@ -2171,7 +2170,7 @@ DMM IMSI:901700000004620: MM GSM AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE (sres = )
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_MS_AUTH_RESP
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000004620) AUTH on GERAN received SRES/RES:  (0 bytes)
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000004620) AUTH SRES/RES missing
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_AUTH_FAILED
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result Illegal MS
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED
 DVLR GSUP tx: 0b010809710000004026f0
 GSUP --> HLR: OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_AUTH_FAIL_REPORT: 0b010809710000004026f0
diff --git a/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_gsm_ciph.err b/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_gsm_ciph.err
index 6f3c7abd7..d5ddb6ab3 100644
--- a/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_gsm_ciph.err
+++ b/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_gsm_ciph.err
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ DMM IMSI:901700000004620: MM GSM AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE (sres = 2d8b2c3e)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_MS_AUTH_RESP
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000004620) AUTH on GERAN received SRES/RES: 2d8b2c3e (4 bytes)
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000004620) AUTH established GSM security context
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result PASSED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(LU:901700000004620)
@@ -227,14 +227,13 @@ DMM MSISDN:46071: MM GSM AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE (sres = 20bde240)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_MS_AUTH_RESP
 DVLR SUBSCR(MSISDN:46071) AUTH on GERAN received SRES/RES: 20bde240 (4 bytes)
 DVLR SUBSCR(MSISDN:46071) AUTH established GSM security context
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result PASSED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event PR_ARQ_E_AUTH_RES
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: got VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Set Ciphering Mode
 DMM -> CIPHER MODE COMMAND MSISDN:46071
@@ -268,9 +267,9 @@ DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CI
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_pres()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_trace()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_imei()
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: proc_arq_fsm_done(VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: proc_arq_fsm_done(PASSED)
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: state_chg to PR_ARQ_S_DONE
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: PASSED
 DMM Subscr_Conn(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){SUBSCR_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DREF MSISDN:46071: MSC conn use + cm_service == 1 (0x8)
 DMM Subscr_Conn(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){SUBSCR_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: state_chg to SUBSCR_CONN_S_ACCEPTED
@@ -381,14 +380,13 @@ DMM MSISDN:46071: MM GSM AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE (sres = a29514ae)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_MS_AUTH_RESP
 DVLR SUBSCR(MSISDN:46071) AUTH on GERAN received SRES/RES: a29514ae (4 bytes)
 DVLR SUBSCR(MSISDN:46071) AUTH established GSM security context
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result PASSED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event PR_ARQ_E_AUTH_RES
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: got VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Set Ciphering Mode
 DMM -> CIPHER MODE COMMAND MSISDN:46071
@@ -421,9 +419,9 @@ DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_pres()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_trace()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_imei()
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: proc_arq_fsm_done(VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: proc_arq_fsm_done(PASSED)
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: state_chg to PR_ARQ_S_DONE
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: PASSED
 DMM Subscr_Conn(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){SUBSCR_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DPAG Paging success for MSISDN:46071 (event=0)
 DPAG Calling paging cbfn.
@@ -497,11 +495,12 @@ DRLL Dispatching 04.08 message GSM48_MT_MM_IMSI_DETACH_IND (0x5:0x1)
 DMM IMSI DETACH INDICATION: MI(IMSI)=901700000004620
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage increases to: 2
 DMM IMSI DETACH for MSISDN:46071
+DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage increases to: 3
+DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 2
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 1
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 0
 DREF freeing VLR subscr MSISDN:46071
 DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_CN_CLOSE
-DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: Close event, cause 0
 DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: state_chg to SUBSCR_CONN_S_RELEASING
 DREF unknown: MSC conn use + release == 2 (0x101)
 - BSSAP Clear --RAN_GERAN_A--> MS
@@ -577,7 +576,7 @@ DMM IMSI:901700000004620: MM GSM AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE (sres = 2d8b2c3e)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_MS_AUTH_RESP
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000004620) AUTH on GERAN received SRES/RES: 2d8b2c3e (4 bytes)
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000004620) AUTH established GSM security context
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result PASSED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(LU:901700000004620)
@@ -784,14 +783,13 @@ DMM MSISDN:46071: MM GSM AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE (sres = 20bde240)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:50462976){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_MS_AUTH_RESP
 DVLR SUBSCR(MSISDN:46071) AUTH on GERAN received SRES/RES: 20bde240 (4 bytes)
 DVLR SUBSCR(MSISDN:46071) AUTH established GSM security context
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:50462976){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:50462976){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result PASSED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:50462976){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:50462976){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:50462976){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:50462976)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:50462976){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:50462976){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:50462976){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event PR_ARQ_E_AUTH_RES
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:50462976){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: got VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:50462976){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:50462976){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Set Ciphering Mode
 DMM -> CIPHER MODE COMMAND MSISDN:46071
@@ -825,9 +823,9 @@ DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:50462976){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: _p
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:50462976){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_pres()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:50462976){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_trace()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:50462976){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_imei()
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:50462976){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: proc_arq_fsm_done(VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:50462976){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: proc_arq_fsm_done(PASSED)
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:50462976){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: state_chg to PR_ARQ_S_DONE
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:50462976){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:50462976){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: PASSED
 DMM Subscr_Conn(CM_SERVICE_REQ:50462976){SUBSCR_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DREF MSISDN:46071: MSC conn use + cm_service == 1 (0x8)
 DMM Subscr_Conn(CM_SERVICE_REQ:50462976){SUBSCR_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: state_chg to SUBSCR_CONN_S_ACCEPTED
@@ -938,14 +936,13 @@ DMM MSISDN:46071: MM GSM AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE (sres = a29514ae)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:50462976){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_MS_AUTH_RESP
 DVLR SUBSCR(MSISDN:46071) AUTH on GERAN received SRES/RES: a29514ae (4 bytes)
 DVLR SUBSCR(MSISDN:46071) AUTH established GSM security context
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:50462976){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:50462976){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result PASSED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:50462976){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:50462976){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:50462976){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:50462976)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:50462976){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:50462976){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:50462976){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event PR_ARQ_E_AUTH_RES
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:50462976){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: got VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:50462976){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:50462976){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Set Ciphering Mode
 DMM -> CIPHER MODE COMMAND MSISDN:46071
@@ -978,9 +975,9 @@ DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:50462976){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: _proc
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:50462976){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_pres()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:50462976){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_trace()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:50462976){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_imei()
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:50462976){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: proc_arq_fsm_done(VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:50462976){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: proc_arq_fsm_done(PASSED)
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:50462976){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: state_chg to PR_ARQ_S_DONE
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:50462976){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:50462976){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: PASSED
 DMM Subscr_Conn(PAGING_RESP:50462976){SUBSCR_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DPAG Paging success for MSISDN:46071 (event=0)
 DPAG Calling paging cbfn.
@@ -1054,11 +1051,12 @@ DRLL Dispatching 04.08 message GSM48_MT_MM_IMSI_DETACH_IND (0x5:0x1)
 DMM IMSI DETACH INDICATION: MI(TMSI)=50462976
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage increases to: 2
 DMM IMSI DETACH for MSISDN:46071
+DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage increases to: 3
+DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 2
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 1
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 0
 DREF freeing VLR subscr MSISDN:46071
 DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_CN_CLOSE
-DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: Close event, cause 0
 DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: state_chg to SUBSCR_CONN_S_RELEASING
 DREF unknown: MSC conn use + release == 2 (0x101)
 - BSSAP Clear --RAN_GERAN_A--> MS
@@ -1134,7 +1132,7 @@ DMM IMSI:901700000004620: MM GSM AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE (sres = 2d8b2c3e)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_MS_AUTH_RESP
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000004620) AUTH on GERAN received SRES/RES: 2d8b2c3e (4 bytes)
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000004620) AUTH established GSM security context
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result PASSED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(LU:901700000004620)
@@ -1294,11 +1292,12 @@ DRLL Dispatching 04.08 message GSM48_MT_MM_IMSI_DETACH_IND (0x5:0x1)
 DMM IMSI DETACH INDICATION: MI(IMSI)=901700000004620
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage increases to: 2
 DMM IMSI DETACH for MSISDN:46071
+DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage increases to: 3
+DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 2
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 1
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 0
 DREF freeing VLR subscr MSISDN:46071
 DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_CN_CLOSE
-DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: Close event, cause 0
 DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: state_chg to SUBSCR_CONN_S_RELEASING
 DREF unknown: MSC conn use + release == 2 (0x101)
 - BSSAP Clear --RAN_GERAN_A--> MS
@@ -1374,7 +1373,7 @@ DMM IMSI:901700000004620: MM GSM AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE (sres = 2d8b2c3e)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_MS_AUTH_RESP
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000004620) AUTH on GERAN received SRES/RES: 2d8b2c3e (4 bytes)
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000004620) AUTH established GSM security context
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result PASSED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(LU:901700000004620)
@@ -1523,11 +1522,12 @@ DRLL Dispatching 04.08 message GSM48_MT_MM_IMSI_DETACH_IND (0x5:0x1)
 DMM IMSI DETACH INDICATION: MI(IMSI)=901700000004620
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage increases to: 2
 DMM IMSI DETACH for MSISDN:46071
+DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage increases to: 3
+DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 2
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 1
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 0
 DREF freeing VLR subscr MSISDN:46071
 DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_CN_CLOSE
-DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: Close event, cause 0
 DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: state_chg to SUBSCR_CONN_S_RELEASING
 DREF unknown: MSC conn use + release == 2 (0x101)
 - BSSAP Clear --RAN_GERAN_A--> MS
@@ -1603,7 +1603,7 @@ DMM IMSI:901700000004620: MM GSM AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE (sres = 2d8b2c3e)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_MS_AUTH_RESP
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000004620) AUTH on GERAN received SRES/RES: 2d8b2c3e (4 bytes)
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000004620) AUTH established GSM security context
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result PASSED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(LU:901700000004620)
@@ -1795,11 +1795,12 @@ DRLL Dispatching 04.08 message GSM48_MT_MM_IMSI_DETACH_IND (0x5:0x1)
 DMM IMSI DETACH INDICATION: MI(TMSI)=50462976
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage increases to: 2
 DMM IMSI DETACH for MSISDN:46071
+DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage increases to: 3
+DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 2
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 1
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 0
 DREF freeing VLR subscr MSISDN:46071
 DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_CN_CLOSE
-DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: Close event, cause 0
 DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: state_chg to SUBSCR_CONN_S_RELEASING
 DREF unknown: MSC conn use + release == 2 (0x101)
 - BSSAP Clear --RAN_GERAN_A--> MS
@@ -1876,7 +1877,7 @@ DMM IMSI:901700000010650: MM GSM AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE (sres = dacc4b26)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_MS_AUTH_RESP
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000010650) AUTH on GERAN received SRES/RES: dacc4b26 (4 bytes)
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000010650) AUTH established GSM security context
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result PASSED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(LU:901700000010650)
@@ -2035,14 +2036,13 @@ DMM MSISDN:42342: MM GSM AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE (sres = 2fb4cfad)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_MS_AUTH_RESP
 DVLR SUBSCR(MSISDN:42342) AUTH on GERAN received SRES/RES: 2fb4cfad (4 bytes)
 DVLR SUBSCR(MSISDN:42342) AUTH established GSM security context
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result PASSED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event PR_ARQ_E_AUTH_RES
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: got VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Set Ciphering Mode
 DMM -> CIPHER MODE COMMAND MSISDN:42342
@@ -2065,9 +2065,9 @@ DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CI
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_pres()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_trace()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_imei()
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: proc_arq_fsm_done(VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: proc_arq_fsm_done(PASSED)
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: state_chg to PR_ARQ_S_DONE
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: PASSED
 DMM Subscr_Conn(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){SUBSCR_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DREF MSISDN:42342: MSC conn use + cm_service == 1 (0x8)
 DMM Subscr_Conn(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){SUBSCR_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: state_chg to SUBSCR_CONN_S_ACCEPTED
@@ -2179,14 +2179,13 @@ DMM MSISDN:42342: MM GSM AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE (sres = 0ff61e0f)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_MS_AUTH_RESP
 DVLR SUBSCR(MSISDN:42342) AUTH on GERAN received SRES/RES: 0ff61e0f (4 bytes)
 DVLR SUBSCR(MSISDN:42342) AUTH established GSM security context
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result PASSED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event PR_ARQ_E_AUTH_RES
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: got VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Set Ciphering Mode
 DMM -> CIPHER MODE COMMAND MSISDN:42342
@@ -2208,9 +2207,9 @@ DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_pres()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_trace()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_imei()
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: proc_arq_fsm_done(VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: proc_arq_fsm_done(PASSED)
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: state_chg to PR_ARQ_S_DONE
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: PASSED
 DMM Subscr_Conn(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){SUBSCR_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DPAG Paging success for MSISDN:42342 (event=0)
 DPAG Calling paging cbfn.
@@ -2284,11 +2283,12 @@ DRLL Dispatching 04.08 message GSM48_MT_MM_IMSI_DETACH_IND (0x5:0x1)
 DMM IMSI DETACH INDICATION: MI(IMSI)=901700000010650
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:42342 usage increases to: 2
 DMM IMSI DETACH for MSISDN:42342
+DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:42342 usage increases to: 3
+DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:42342 usage decreases to: 2
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:42342 usage decreases to: 1
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:42342 usage decreases to: 0
 DREF freeing VLR subscr MSISDN:42342
 DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_CN_CLOSE
-DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: Close event, cause 0
 DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: state_chg to SUBSCR_CONN_S_RELEASING
 DREF unknown: MSC conn use + release == 2 (0x101)
 - BSSAP Clear --RAN_GERAN_A--> MS
@@ -2365,7 +2365,7 @@ DMM IMSI:901700000004620: MM GSM AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE (sres = 2d8b2c3e)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_MS_AUTH_RESP
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000004620) AUTH on GERAN received SRES/RES: 2d8b2c3e (4 bytes)
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000004620) AUTH established GSM security context
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result PASSED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(LU:901700000004620)
diff --git a/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_hlr_reject.err b/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_hlr_reject.err
index eda3be764..ac191be7e 100644
--- a/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_hlr_reject.err
+++ b/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_hlr_reject.err
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ DVLR GSUP rx 14: 09010809710000004026f0020102
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI:901700000004620 usage increases to: 2
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_NEEDS_AUTH_WAIT_AI}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_HLR_SAI_NACK
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_NEEDS_AUTH_WAIT_AI}: GSUP: rx Auth Info Error cause: 2: IMSI unknown in HLR
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_NEEDS_AUTH_WAIT_AI}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_UNKNOWN_SUBSCR
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_NEEDS_AUTH_WAIT_AI}: Authentication terminating with result IMSI unknown in HLR
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_NEEDS_AUTH_WAIT_AI}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(LU:901700000004620)
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ DVLR GSUP rx 14: 09010809710000004026f0020111
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI:901700000004620 usage increases to: 2
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_NEEDS_AUTH_WAIT_AI}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_HLR_SAI_NACK
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_NEEDS_AUTH_WAIT_AI}: GSUP: rx Auth Info Error cause: 17: Network failure
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_NEEDS_AUTH_WAIT_AI}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_PROC_ERR
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_NEEDS_AUTH_WAIT_AI}: Authentication terminating with result Network failure
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_NEEDS_AUTH_WAIT_AI}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(LU:901700000004620)
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ DMM IMSI:901700000004620: MM GSM AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE (sres = 2d8b2c3e)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_MS_AUTH_RESP
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000004620) AUTH on GERAN received SRES/RES: 2d8b2c3e (4 bytes)
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000004620) AUTH established GSM security context
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result PASSED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(LU:901700000004620)
@@ -374,7 +374,7 @@ DMM MSISDN:46071: MM GSM AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE (sres = 2d8b2c3e)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_MS_AUTH_RESP
 DVLR SUBSCR(MSISDN:46071) AUTH on GERAN received SRES/RES: 2d8b2c3e (4 bytes)
 DVLR SUBSCR(MSISDN:46071) AUTH established GSM security context
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result PASSED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(LU:901700000004620)
@@ -532,7 +532,7 @@ DMM IMSI:901700000004620: MM GSM AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE (sres = 2d8b2c3e)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_MS_AUTH_RESP
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000004620) AUTH on GERAN received SRES/RES: 2d8b2c3e (4 bytes)
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000004620) AUTH established GSM security context
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result PASSED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(LU:901700000004620)
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ DVLR GSUP rx 14: 09010809710000004026f0020111
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage increases to: 3
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_NEEDS_AUTH_WAIT_AI}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_HLR_SAI_NACK
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_NEEDS_AUTH_WAIT_AI}: GSUP: rx Auth Info Error cause: 17: Network failure
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_NEEDS_AUTH_WAIT_AI}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_PROC_ERR
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_NEEDS_AUTH_WAIT_AI}: Authentication terminating with result Network failure
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_NEEDS_AUTH_WAIT_AI}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(LU:901700000004620)
@@ -769,7 +769,7 @@ DMM IMSI:901700000004620: MM GSM AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE (sres = 2d8b2c3e)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_MS_AUTH_RESP
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000004620) AUTH on GERAN received SRES/RES: 2d8b2c3e (4 bytes)
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000004620) AUTH established GSM security context
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result PASSED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(LU:901700000004620)
@@ -908,7 +908,7 @@ DVLR GSUP rx 14: 09010809710000004026f0020102
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage increases to: 3
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_NEEDS_AUTH_WAIT_AI}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_HLR_SAI_NACK
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_NEEDS_AUTH_WAIT_AI}: GSUP: rx Auth Info Error cause: 2: IMSI unknown in HLR
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_NEEDS_AUTH_WAIT_AI}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_UNKNOWN_SUBSCR
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_NEEDS_AUTH_WAIT_AI}: Authentication terminating with result IMSI unknown in HLR
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_NEEDS_AUTH_WAIT_AI}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(LU:901700000004620)
@@ -987,7 +987,7 @@ DMM Subscr_Conn(LU:901700000004620){SUBSCR_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Awaiting results f
 DVLR GSUP rx 11: 0a010809710000004026f0
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI:901700000004620 usage increases to: 2
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_NEEDS_AUTH_WAIT_AI}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_HLR_SAI_ACK
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_NEEDS_AUTH_WAIT_AI}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_PROC_ERR
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_NEEDS_AUTH_WAIT_AI}: Authentication terminating with result Network failure
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_NEEDS_AUTH_WAIT_AI}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(LU:901700000004620)
diff --git a/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_hlr_timeout.err b/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_hlr_timeout.err
index f4d10a322..646f078c3 100644
--- a/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_hlr_timeout.err
+++ b/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_hlr_timeout.err
@@ -51,11 +51,10 @@ DMM Subscr_Conn(LU:901700000004620){SUBSCR_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Awaiting results f
 - Total time passed: 5.001598 s
 DMM Subscr_Conn(LU:901700000004620){SUBSCR_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Timeout of T0
 DMM Subscr_Conn(LU:901700000004620){SUBSCR_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_CN_CLOSE
-DMM Subscr_Conn(LU:901700000004620){SUBSCR_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Close event, cause 38
+DMM Subscr_Conn(LU:901700000004620){SUBSCR_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Close event, cause: CONGESTION
 DMM Subscr_Conn(LU:901700000004620){SUBSCR_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: state_chg to SUBSCR_CONN_S_RELEASING
 DREF IMSI:901700000004620: MSC conn use + release == 1 (0x100)
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI:901700000004620 usage increases to: 2
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(LU:901700000004620){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Connection timed out
 - sending LU Reject for IMSI:901700000004620, cause 22
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(LU:901700000004620){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
 DMM Subscr_Conn(LU:901700000004620){SUBSCR_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_CN_CLOSE
@@ -159,11 +158,10 @@ DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 1
 - Total time passed: 5.001598 s
 DMM Subscr_Conn(LU:901700000004620){SUBSCR_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Timeout of T0
 DMM Subscr_Conn(LU:901700000004620){SUBSCR_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_CN_CLOSE
-DMM Subscr_Conn(LU:901700000004620){SUBSCR_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Close event, cause 38
+DMM Subscr_Conn(LU:901700000004620){SUBSCR_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Close event, cause: CONGESTION
 DMM Subscr_Conn(LU:901700000004620){SUBSCR_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: state_chg to SUBSCR_CONN_S_RELEASING
 DREF MSISDN:46071: MSC conn use + release == 1 (0x100)
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage increases to: 2
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(LU:901700000004620){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: Connection timed out
 - sending LU Reject for MSISDN:46071, cause 22
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(LU:901700000004620){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_HLR_UPD}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
 DMM Subscr_Conn(LU:901700000004620){SUBSCR_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_CN_CLOSE
diff --git a/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_ms_timeout.err b/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_ms_timeout.err
index b16feaf85..a6f5411c7 100644
--- a/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_ms_timeout.err
+++ b/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_ms_timeout.err
@@ -71,11 +71,10 @@ DREF VLR subscr IMSI:901700000004620 usage decreases to: 1
 - Total time passed: 5.001598 s
 DMM Subscr_Conn(LU:901700000004620){SUBSCR_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Timeout of T0
 DMM Subscr_Conn(LU:901700000004620){SUBSCR_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_CN_CLOSE
-DMM Subscr_Conn(LU:901700000004620){SUBSCR_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Close event, cause 38
+DMM Subscr_Conn(LU:901700000004620){SUBSCR_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Close event, cause: CONGESTION
 DMM Subscr_Conn(LU:901700000004620){SUBSCR_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: state_chg to SUBSCR_CONN_S_RELEASING
 DREF IMSI:901700000004620: MSC conn use + release == 1 (0x100)
 DREF VLR subscr IMSI:901700000004620 usage increases to: 2
-DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(LU:901700000004620){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Connection timed out
 - sending LU Reject for IMSI:901700000004620, cause 22
 DVLR vlr_lu_fsm(LU:901700000004620){VLR_ULA_S_WAIT_AUTH}: state_chg to VLR_ULA_S_DONE
 DMM Subscr_Conn(LU:901700000004620){SUBSCR_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_CN_CLOSE
@@ -167,7 +166,7 @@ DMM IMSI:901700000004620: MM GSM AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE (sres = 2d8b2c3e)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_MS_AUTH_RESP
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000004620) AUTH on GERAN received SRES/RES: 2d8b2c3e (4 bytes)
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000004620) AUTH established GSM security context
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result PASSED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000004620){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(LU:901700000004620)
@@ -316,15 +315,15 @@ DMM Subscr_Conn(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){SUBSCR_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Awaiti
 - Total time passed: 5.001598 s
 DMM Subscr_Conn(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){SUBSCR_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Timeout of T0
 DMM Subscr_Conn(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){SUBSCR_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_CN_CLOSE
-DMM Subscr_Conn(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){SUBSCR_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Close event, cause 38
+DMM Subscr_Conn(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){SUBSCR_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Close event, cause: CONGESTION
 DMM Subscr_Conn(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){SUBSCR_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: state_chg to SUBSCR_CONN_S_RELEASING
 DREF MSISDN:46071: MSC conn use + release == 1 (0x100)
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage increases to: 3
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Connection timed out
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: proc_arq_fsm_done(VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_TIMEOUT)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Cancel: OSMO_FSM_TERM_ERROR
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: proc_arq_fsm_done(CONGESTION)
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: state_chg to PR_ARQ_S_DONE
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_TIMEOUT
-- sending CM Service Reject for MSISDN:46071, result VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_TIMEOUT
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: CONGESTION
+- sending CM Service Reject for MSISDN:46071, cause: CONGESTION
 DMM Subscr_Conn(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){SUBSCR_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_CN_CLOSE
 DMM Subscr_Conn(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){SUBSCR_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_CN_CLOSE not permitted
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 2
@@ -529,11 +528,12 @@ DPAG Paging failure for MSISDN:46071 (event=1)
 DPAG Calling paging cbfn.
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 3
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 2
+DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage increases to: 3
+DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 2
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 1
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 0
 DREF freeing VLR subscr MSISDN:46071
 DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_CN_CLOSE
-DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: Close event, cause 0
 DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: state_chg to SUBSCR_CONN_S_RELEASING
 DREF unknown: MSC conn use + release == 2 (0x101)
 - BSSAP Clear --RAN_GERAN_A--> MS
diff --git a/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_no_authen.err b/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_no_authen.err
index f0d9c5051..90bf69717 100644
--- a/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_no_authen.err
+++ b/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_no_authen.err
@@ -145,9 +145,9 @@ DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}:
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_pres()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_trace()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_imei()
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}: proc_arq_fsm_done(VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}: proc_arq_fsm_done(PASSED)
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}: state_chg to PR_ARQ_S_DONE
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: PASSED
 - sending CM Service Accept for MSISDN:46071
 DMM Subscr_Conn(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DREF MSISDN:46071: MSC conn use + cm_service == 2 (0x9)
@@ -236,9 +236,9 @@ DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}: _pr
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_pres()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_trace()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_imei()
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}: proc_arq_fsm_done(VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}: proc_arq_fsm_done(PASSED)
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}: state_chg to PR_ARQ_S_DONE
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: PASSED
 DMM Subscr_Conn(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DPAG Paging success for MSISDN:46071 (event=0)
 DPAG Calling paging cbfn.
@@ -316,11 +316,12 @@ DRLL Dispatching 04.08 message GSM48_MT_MM_IMSI_DETACH_IND (0x5:0x1)
 DMM IMSI DETACH INDICATION: MI(IMSI)=901700000004620
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage increases to: 2
 DMM IMSI DETACH for MSISDN:46071
+DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage increases to: 3
+DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 2
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 1
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 0
 DREF freeing VLR subscr MSISDN:46071
 DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_CN_CLOSE
-DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: Close event, cause 0
 DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: state_chg to SUBSCR_CONN_S_RELEASING
 DREF unknown: MSC conn use + release == 2 (0x101)
 - BSSAP Clear --RAN_GERAN_A--> MS
@@ -520,9 +521,9 @@ DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:50462976){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}: _proc_a
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:50462976){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_pres()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:50462976){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_trace()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:50462976){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_imei()
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:50462976){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}: proc_arq_fsm_done(VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:50462976){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}: proc_arq_fsm_done(PASSED)
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:50462976){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}: state_chg to PR_ARQ_S_DONE
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:50462976){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:50462976){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: PASSED
 - sending CM Service Accept for MSISDN:46071
 DMM Subscr_Conn(CM_SERVICE_REQ:50462976){SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DREF MSISDN:46071: MSC conn use + cm_service == 2 (0x9)
@@ -610,9 +611,9 @@ DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:50462976){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}: _proc_arq_
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:50462976){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_pres()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:50462976){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_trace()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:50462976){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_imei()
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:50462976){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}: proc_arq_fsm_done(VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:50462976){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}: proc_arq_fsm_done(PASSED)
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:50462976){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}: state_chg to PR_ARQ_S_DONE
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:50462976){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:50462976){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: PASSED
 DMM Subscr_Conn(PAGING_RESP:50462976){SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DPAG Paging success for MSISDN:46071 (event=0)
 DPAG Calling paging cbfn.
@@ -846,11 +847,12 @@ DRLL Dispatching 04.08 message GSM48_MT_MM_IMSI_DETACH_IND (0x5:0x1)
 DMM IMSI DETACH INDICATION: MI(TMSI)=117835012
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage increases to: 2
 DMM IMSI DETACH for MSISDN:46071
+DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage increases to: 3
+DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 2
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 1
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 0
 DREF freeing VLR subscr MSISDN:46071
 DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_CN_CLOSE
-DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: Close event, cause 0
 DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: state_chg to SUBSCR_CONN_S_RELEASING
 DREF unknown: MSC conn use + release == 2 (0x101)
 - BSSAP Clear --RAN_GERAN_A--> MS
@@ -1034,11 +1036,12 @@ DRLL Dispatching 04.08 message GSM48_MT_MM_IMSI_DETACH_IND (0x5:0x1)
 DMM IMSI DETACH INDICATION: MI(IMSI)=901700000004620
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage increases to: 2
 DMM IMSI DETACH for MSISDN:46071
+DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage increases to: 3
+DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 2
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 1
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 0
 DREF freeing VLR subscr MSISDN:46071
 DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_CN_CLOSE
-DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: Close event, cause 0
 DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: state_chg to SUBSCR_CONN_S_RELEASING
 DREF unknown: MSC conn use + release == 2 (0x101)
 - BSSAP Clear --RAN_GERAN_A--> MS
@@ -1248,11 +1251,12 @@ DRLL Dispatching 04.08 message GSM48_MT_MM_IMSI_DETACH_IND (0x5:0x1)
 DMM IMSI DETACH INDICATION: MI(IMSI)=901700000004620
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage increases to: 2
 DMM IMSI DETACH for MSISDN:46071
+DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage increases to: 3
+DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 2
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 1
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 0
 DREF freeing VLR subscr MSISDN:46071
 DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_CN_CLOSE
-DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: Close event, cause 0
 DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: state_chg to SUBSCR_CONN_S_RELEASING
 DREF unknown: MSC conn use + release == 2 (0x101)
 - BSSAP Clear --RAN_GERAN_A--> MS
@@ -1422,11 +1426,12 @@ DRLL Dispatching 04.08 message GSM48_MT_MM_IMSI_DETACH_IND (0x5:0x1)
 DMM IMSI DETACH INDICATION: MI(IMSI)=901700000004620
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage increases to: 2
 DMM IMSI DETACH for MSISDN:46071
+DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage increases to: 3
+DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 2
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 1
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 0
 DREF freeing VLR subscr MSISDN:46071
 DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_CN_CLOSE
-DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: Close event, cause 0
 DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: state_chg to SUBSCR_CONN_S_RELEASING
 DREF unknown: MSC conn use + release == 2 (0x101)
 - BSSAP Clear --RAN_GERAN_A--> MS
@@ -1628,11 +1633,12 @@ DRLL Dispatching 04.08 message GSM48_MT_MM_IMSI_DETACH_IND (0x5:0x1)
 DMM IMSI DETACH INDICATION: MI(IMSI)=901700000004620
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage increases to: 2
 DMM IMSI DETACH for MSISDN:46071
+DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage increases to: 3
+DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 2
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 1
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 0
 DREF freeing VLR subscr MSISDN:46071
 DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_CN_CLOSE
-DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: Close event, cause 0
 DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: state_chg to SUBSCR_CONN_S_RELEASING
 DREF unknown: MSC conn use + release == 2 (0x101)
 - BSSAP Clear --RAN_GERAN_A--> MS
@@ -2005,11 +2011,12 @@ DRLL Dispatching 04.08 message GSM48_MT_MM_IMSI_DETACH_IND (0x5:0x1)
 DMM IMSI DETACH INDICATION: MI(TMSI)=117835012
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage increases to: 2
 DMM IMSI DETACH for MSISDN:46071
+DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage increases to: 3
+DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 2
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 1
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 0
 DREF freeing VLR subscr MSISDN:46071
 DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_CN_CLOSE
-DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: Close event, cause 0
 DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: state_chg to SUBSCR_CONN_S_RELEASING
 DREF unknown: MSC conn use + release == 2 (0x101)
 - BSSAP Clear --RAN_GERAN_A--> MS
@@ -2238,11 +2245,12 @@ DRLL Dispatching 04.08 message GSM48_MT_MM_IMSI_DETACH_IND (0x5:0x1)
 DMM IMSI DETACH INDICATION: MI(IMSI)=901700000004620
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage increases to: 2
 DMM IMSI DETACH for MSISDN:46071
+DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage increases to: 3
+DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 2
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 1
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 0
 DREF freeing VLR subscr MSISDN:46071
 DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_CN_CLOSE
-DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: Close event, cause 0
 DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: state_chg to SUBSCR_CONN_S_RELEASING
 DREF unknown: MSC conn use + release == 2 (0x101)
 - BSSAP Clear --RAN_GERAN_A--> MS
diff --git a/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_reject_concurrency.c b/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_reject_concurrency.c
index cf9d8c92a..ea8c32cab 100644
--- a/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_reject_concurrency.c
+++ b/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_reject_concurrency.c
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ static void test_reject_cm_during_lu()
 
 	BTW("A CM Service Request in the middle of a LU is rejected");
 	cm_service_result_sent = RES_NONE;
-	dtap_expect_tx("052211");
+	dtap_expect_tx("052216");
 	ms_sends_msg("05247803305886089910070000006402");
 	VERBOSE_ASSERT(lu_result_sent, == RES_NONE, "%d");
 	VERBOSE_ASSERT(cm_service_result_sent, == RES_NONE, "%d");
diff --git a/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_reject_concurrency.err b/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_reject_concurrency.err
index 563ff3d6b..bc14fa4f8 100644
--- a/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_reject_concurrency.err
+++ b/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_reject_concurrency.err
@@ -334,9 +334,9 @@ DREF IMSI:901700000004620: MSC conn use + dtap == 1 (0x2)
 DRLL Dispatching 04.08 message GSM48_MT_MM_CM_SERV_REQ (0x5:0x24)
 DMM <- CM SERVICE REQUEST serv_type=0x08 MI(IMSI)=901700000004620
 DMM Cannot accept CM Service Request, conn already busy establishing authenticity
-DMM -> CM SERVICE Reject cause: 17
+DMM -> CM SERVICE Reject cause: 22
 DMSC msc_tx 3 bytes to IMSI:901700000004620 via RAN_GERAN_A
-- DTAP --RAN_GERAN_A--> MS: GSM48_MT_MM_CM_SERV_REJ: 052211
+- DTAP --RAN_GERAN_A--> MS: GSM48_MT_MM_CM_SERV_REJ: 052216
 - DTAP matches expected message
 DREF IMSI:901700000004620: MSC conn use - dtap == 0 (0x0)
 DMM Subscr_Conn(LU:901700000004620){SUBSCR_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_UNUSED
@@ -692,9 +692,9 @@ DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}:
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_pres()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_trace()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_imei()
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}: proc_arq_fsm_done(VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}: proc_arq_fsm_done(PASSED)
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}: state_chg to PR_ARQ_S_DONE
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: PASSED
 - sending CM Service Accept for MSISDN:46071
 DMM Subscr_Conn(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DREF MSISDN:46071: MSC conn use + cm_service == 2 (0x9)
@@ -722,20 +722,17 @@ DRLL Dispatching 04.08 message GSM48_MT_MM_IMSI_DETACH_IND (0x5:0x1)
 DMM IMSI DETACH INDICATION: MI(IMSI)=901700000004620
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage increases to: 3
 DMM IMSI DETACH for MSISDN:46071
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_ERROR)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Removing from parent Subscr_Conn(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage increases to: 4
+DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 3
+DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 2
+DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 1
 DMM Subscr_Conn(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){SUBSCR_CONN_S_ACCEPTED}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_CN_CLOSE
 DMM Subscr_Conn(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){SUBSCR_CONN_S_ACCEPTED}: state_chg to SUBSCR_CONN_S_RELEASING
 DREF MSISDN:46071: MSC conn use + release == 3 (0x10a)
 DREF MSISDN:46071: MSC conn use - cm_service == 2 (0x102)
-DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage increases to: 4
-DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 3
-- BSSAP Clear --RAN_GERAN_A--> MS
-DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 2
+DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage increases to: 2
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM conn_close(vsub=MSISDN:46071, cause=0): already in release, ignore.
+- BSSAP Clear --RAN_GERAN_A--> MS
 DREF MSISDN:46071: MSC conn use - dtap == 1 (0x100)
   bssap_clear_sent == 1
 - BSS sends BSSMAP Clear Complete
@@ -743,6 +740,10 @@ DREF MSISDN:46071: MSC conn use - release == 0 (0x0)
 DMM Subscr_Conn(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){SUBSCR_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM Subscr_Conn(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){SUBSCR_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to SUBSCR_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM Subscr_Conn(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){SUBSCR_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Removing from parent Subscr_Conn(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DRLL MSISDN:46071: Freeing subscriber connection
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 0
 DREF freeing VLR subscr MSISDN:46071
@@ -889,9 +890,9 @@ DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}:
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_pres()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_trace()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_imei()
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}: proc_arq_fsm_done(VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}: proc_arq_fsm_done(PASSED)
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}: state_chg to PR_ARQ_S_DONE
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: PASSED
 - sending CM Service Accept for MSISDN:46071
 DMM Subscr_Conn(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DREF MSISDN:46071: MSC conn use + cm_service == 2 (0x9)
@@ -922,20 +923,17 @@ DRLL Dispatching 04.08 message GSM48_MT_MM_IMSI_DETACH_IND (0x5:0x1)
 DMM IMSI DETACH INDICATION: MI(IMSI)=901700000004620
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage increases to: 3
 DMM IMSI DETACH for MSISDN:46071
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_ERROR)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Removing from parent Subscr_Conn(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage increases to: 4
+DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 3
+DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 2
+DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 1
 DMM Subscr_Conn(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){SUBSCR_CONN_S_ACCEPTED}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_CN_CLOSE
 DMM Subscr_Conn(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){SUBSCR_CONN_S_ACCEPTED}: state_chg to SUBSCR_CONN_S_RELEASING
 DREF MSISDN:46071: MSC conn use + release == 3 (0x10a)
 DREF MSISDN:46071: MSC conn use - cm_service == 2 (0x102)
-DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage increases to: 4
-DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 3
-- BSSAP Clear --RAN_GERAN_A--> MS
-DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 2
+DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage increases to: 2
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM conn_close(vsub=MSISDN:46071, cause=0): already in release, ignore.
+- BSSAP Clear --RAN_GERAN_A--> MS
 DREF MSISDN:46071: MSC conn use - dtap == 1 (0x100)
   bssap_clear_sent == 1
 - BSS sends BSSMAP Clear Complete
@@ -943,6 +941,10 @@ DREF MSISDN:46071: MSC conn use - release == 0 (0x0)
 DMM Subscr_Conn(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){SUBSCR_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM Subscr_Conn(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){SUBSCR_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to SUBSCR_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM Subscr_Conn(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){SUBSCR_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Removing from parent Subscr_Conn(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DRLL MSISDN:46071: Freeing subscriber connection
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 0
 DREF freeing VLR subscr MSISDN:46071
@@ -1089,9 +1091,9 @@ DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}:
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_pres()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_trace()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_imei()
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}: proc_arq_fsm_done(VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}: proc_arq_fsm_done(PASSED)
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}: state_chg to PR_ARQ_S_DONE
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: PASSED
 - sending CM Service Accept for MSISDN:46071
 DMM Subscr_Conn(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DREF MSISDN:46071: MSC conn use + cm_service == 2 (0x9)
@@ -1304,9 +1306,9 @@ DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}: _pr
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_pres()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_trace()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_imei()
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}: proc_arq_fsm_done(VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}: proc_arq_fsm_done(PASSED)
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}: state_chg to PR_ARQ_S_DONE
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: PASSED
 DMM Subscr_Conn(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DPAG Paging success for MSISDN:46071 (event=0)
 DPAG Calling paging cbfn.
@@ -1532,9 +1534,9 @@ DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}: _pr
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_pres()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_trace()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_imei()
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}: proc_arq_fsm_done(VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}: proc_arq_fsm_done(PASSED)
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}: state_chg to PR_ARQ_S_DONE
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: PASSED
 DMM Subscr_Conn(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DPAG Paging success for MSISDN:46071 (event=0)
 DPAG Calling paging cbfn.
@@ -1600,20 +1602,17 @@ DRLL Dispatching 04.08 message GSM48_MT_MM_IMSI_DETACH_IND (0x5:0x1)
 DMM IMSI DETACH INDICATION: MI(IMSI)=901700000004620
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage increases to: 3
 DMM IMSI DETACH for MSISDN:46071
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_ERROR)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Removing from parent Subscr_Conn(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620)
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deallocated
+DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage increases to: 4
+DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 3
+DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 2
+DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 1
 DMM Subscr_Conn(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){SUBSCR_CONN_S_COMMUNICATING}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_CN_CLOSE
 DMM Subscr_Conn(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){SUBSCR_CONN_S_COMMUNICATING}: state_chg to SUBSCR_CONN_S_RELEASING
 DREF MSISDN:46071: MSC conn use + release == 3 (0x10a)
 DREF MSISDN:46071: MSC conn use - cm_service == 2 (0x102)
-DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage increases to: 4
-DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 3
-- BSSAP Clear --RAN_GERAN_A--> MS
-DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 2
+DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage increases to: 2
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 1
-DMM conn_close(vsub=MSISDN:46071, cause=0): already in release, ignore.
+- BSSAP Clear --RAN_GERAN_A--> MS
 DREF MSISDN:46071: MSC conn use - dtap == 1 (0x100)
   bssap_clear_sent == 1
 - BSS sends BSSMAP Clear Complete
@@ -1621,6 +1620,10 @@ DREF MSISDN:46071: MSC conn use - release == 0 (0x0)
 DMM Subscr_Conn(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){SUBSCR_CONN_S_RELEASING}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_UNUSED
 DMM Subscr_Conn(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){SUBSCR_CONN_S_RELEASING}: state_chg to SUBSCR_CONN_S_RELEASED
 DMM Subscr_Conn(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){SUBSCR_CONN_S_RELEASED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_PARENT)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Removing from parent Subscr_Conn(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Freeing instance
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Deallocated
 DRLL MSISDN:46071: Freeing subscriber connection
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 0
 DREF freeing VLR subscr MSISDN:46071
@@ -1779,9 +1782,9 @@ DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}: _pr
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_pres()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_trace()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_imei()
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}: proc_arq_fsm_done(VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}: proc_arq_fsm_done(PASSED)
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}: state_chg to PR_ARQ_S_DONE
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: PASSED
 DMM Subscr_Conn(PAGING_RESP:901700000004620){SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DPAG Paging success for MSISDN:46071 (event=0)
 DPAG Calling paging cbfn.
diff --git a/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_rest.err b/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_rest.err
index ff0a27e04..d9c69e452 100644
--- a/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_rest.err
+++ b/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_rest.err
@@ -63,10 +63,10 @@ DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}:
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}: is child of Subscr_Conn(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620)
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}: rev=GSM net=GERAN (no Auth)
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}: Received Event PR_ARQ_E_START
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}: proc_arq_fsm_done(VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_UNIDENT_SUBSCR)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}: proc_arq_fsm_done(MS_IDENTITY_NOT_DERVIVABLE)
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_INIT}: state_chg to PR_ARQ_S_DONE
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_UNIDENT_SUBSCR
-- sending CM Service Reject for unknown, result VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_UNIDENT_SUBSCR
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: MS_IDENTITY_NOT_DERVIVABLE
+- sending CM Service Reject for unknown, cause: MS_IDENTITY_NOT_DERVIVABLE
 DMM Subscr_Conn(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_CN_CLOSE
 DMM Subscr_Conn(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000004620){SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: state_chg to SUBSCR_CONN_S_RELEASING
 DREF unknown: MSC conn use + release == 2 (0x101)
@@ -346,11 +346,12 @@ DRLL Dispatching 04.08 message GSM48_MT_MM_IMSI_DETACH_IND (0x5:0x1)
 DMM IMSI DETACH INDICATION: MI(IMSI)=901700000004620
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage increases to: 2
 DMM IMSI DETACH for MSISDN:46071
+DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage increases to: 3
+DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 2
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 1
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:46071 usage decreases to: 0
 DREF freeing VLR subscr MSISDN:46071
 DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_CN_CLOSE
-DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: Close event, cause 0
 DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: state_chg to SUBSCR_CONN_S_RELEASING
 DREF unknown: MSC conn use + release == 2 (0x101)
 - BSSAP Clear --RAN_GERAN_A--> MS
diff --git a/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_umts_authen.err b/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_umts_authen.err
index 906310461..e460fd19d 100644
--- a/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_umts_authen.err
+++ b/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_test_umts_authen.err
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ DMM IMSI:901700000010650: MM UMTS AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE (res = e229c19e791f2e4
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_MS_AUTH_RESP
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000010650) AUTH on GERAN received SRES/RES: e229c19e791f2e41 (8 bytes)
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000010650) AUTH established UMTS security context
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result PASSED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(LU:901700000010650)
@@ -236,23 +236,22 @@ DMM MSISDN:42342: MM UMTS AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE (res = 7db47cf7f81e4dc7)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_MS_AUTH_RESP
 DVLR SUBSCR(MSISDN:42342) AUTH on GERAN received SRES/RES: 7db47cf7f81e4dc7 (8 bytes)
 DVLR SUBSCR(MSISDN:42342) AUTH established UMTS security context
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result PASSED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event PR_ARQ_E_AUTH_RES
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: got VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2_post_ciph()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2_post_vlr()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_pres()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_trace()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_imei()
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: proc_arq_fsm_done(VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: proc_arq_fsm_done(PASSED)
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: state_chg to PR_ARQ_S_DONE
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: PASSED
 - sending CM Service Accept for MSISDN:42342
 DMM Subscr_Conn(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){SUBSCR_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DREF MSISDN:42342: MSC conn use + cm_service == 2 (0xa)
@@ -366,23 +365,22 @@ DMM MSISDN:42342: MM UMTS AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE (res = 706f996719ba609c)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_MS_AUTH_RESP
 DVLR SUBSCR(MSISDN:42342) AUTH on GERAN received SRES/RES: 706f996719ba609c (8 bytes)
 DVLR SUBSCR(MSISDN:42342) AUTH established UMTS security context
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result PASSED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event PR_ARQ_E_AUTH_RES
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: got VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2_post_ciph()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2_post_vlr()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_pres()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_trace()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_imei()
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: proc_arq_fsm_done(VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: proc_arq_fsm_done(PASSED)
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: state_chg to PR_ARQ_S_DONE
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: PASSED
 DMM Subscr_Conn(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){SUBSCR_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DPAG Paging success for MSISDN:42342 (event=0)
 DPAG Calling paging cbfn.
@@ -457,11 +455,12 @@ DRLL Dispatching 04.08 message GSM48_MT_MM_IMSI_DETACH_IND (0x5:0x1)
 DMM IMSI DETACH INDICATION: MI(IMSI)=901700000010650
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:42342 usage increases to: 2
 DMM IMSI DETACH for MSISDN:42342
+DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:42342 usage increases to: 3
+DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:42342 usage decreases to: 2
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:42342 usage decreases to: 1
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:42342 usage decreases to: 0
 DREF freeing VLR subscr MSISDN:42342
 DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_CN_CLOSE
-DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: Close event, cause 0
 DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: state_chg to SUBSCR_CONN_S_RELEASING
 DREF unknown: MSC conn use + release == 2 (0x101)
 - BSSAP Clear --RAN_GERAN_A--> MS
@@ -538,7 +537,7 @@ DMM IMSI:901700000010650: MM UMTS AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE (res = e229c19e791f2e4
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_MS_AUTH_RESP
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000010650) AUTH on UTRAN received RES: e229c19e791f2e41 (8 bytes)
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000010650) AUTH established UMTS security context
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result PASSED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(LU:901700000010650)
@@ -728,14 +727,13 @@ DMM MSISDN:42342: MM UMTS AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE (res = 7db47cf7f81e4dc7)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_MS_AUTH_RESP
 DVLR SUBSCR(MSISDN:42342) AUTH on UTRAN received RES: 7db47cf7f81e4dc7 (8 bytes)
 DVLR SUBSCR(MSISDN:42342) AUTH established UMTS security context
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result PASSED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event PR_ARQ_E_AUTH_RES
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: got VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Set Ciphering Mode
 DMM -> SECURITY MODE CONTROL MSISDN:42342
@@ -757,9 +755,9 @@ DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CI
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_pres()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_trace()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_imei()
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: proc_arq_fsm_done(VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: proc_arq_fsm_done(PASSED)
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: state_chg to PR_ARQ_S_DONE
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: PASSED
 DMM Subscr_Conn(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){SUBSCR_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DREF MSISDN:42342: MSC conn use + cm_service == 1 (0x8)
 DMM Subscr_Conn(CM_SERVICE_REQ:901700000010650){SUBSCR_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: state_chg to SUBSCR_CONN_S_ACCEPTED
@@ -871,14 +869,13 @@ DMM MSISDN:42342: MM UMTS AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE (res = 706f996719ba609c)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_MS_AUTH_RESP
 DVLR SUBSCR(MSISDN:42342) AUTH on UTRAN received RES: 706f996719ba609c (8 bytes)
 DVLR SUBSCR(MSISDN:42342) AUTH established UMTS security context
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result PASSED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Freeing instance
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Deallocated
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Received Event PR_ARQ_E_AUTH_RES
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: got VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: _proc_arq_vlr_node2()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_AUTH}: Set Ciphering Mode
 DMM -> SECURITY MODE CONTROL MSISDN:42342
@@ -900,9 +897,9 @@ DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_pres()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_trace()
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: _proc_arq_vlr_post_imei()
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: proc_arq_fsm_done(VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED)
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: proc_arq_fsm_done(PASSED)
 DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_WAIT_CIPH}: state_chg to PR_ARQ_S_DONE
-DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: VLR_PR_ARQ_RES_PASSED
+DVLR Process_Access_Request_VLR(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){PR_ARQ_S_DONE}: Process Access Request result: PASSED
 DMM Subscr_Conn(PAGING_RESP:901700000010650){SUBSCR_CONN_S_AUTH_CIPH}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_ACCEPTED
 DPAG Paging success for MSISDN:42342 (event=0)
 DPAG Calling paging cbfn.
@@ -975,11 +972,12 @@ DRLL Dispatching 04.08 message GSM48_MT_MM_IMSI_DETACH_IND (0x5:0x1)
 DMM IMSI DETACH INDICATION: MI(IMSI)=901700000010650
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:42342 usage increases to: 2
 DMM IMSI DETACH for MSISDN:42342
+DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:42342 usage increases to: 3
+DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:42342 usage decreases to: 2
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:42342 usage decreases to: 1
 DREF VLR subscr MSISDN:42342 usage decreases to: 0
 DREF freeing VLR subscr MSISDN:42342
 DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: Received Event SUBSCR_CONN_E_CN_CLOSE
-DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: Close event, cause 0
 DMM Subscr_Conn{SUBSCR_CONN_S_NEW}: state_chg to SUBSCR_CONN_S_RELEASING
 DREF unknown: MSC conn use + release == 2 (0x101)
 - Iu Release --RAN_UTRAN_IU--> MS
@@ -1087,7 +1085,7 @@ DMM IMSI:901700000010650: MM UMTS AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE (res = 1df5f0b4f22b696
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP_RESYNC}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_MS_AUTH_RESP
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000010650) AUTH on GERAN received SRES/RES: 1df5f0b4f22b696e (8 bytes)
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000010650) AUTH established UMTS security context
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP_RESYNC}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP_RESYNC}: Authentication terminating with result PASSED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP_RESYNC}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(LU:901700000010650)
@@ -1306,7 +1304,7 @@ DMM IMSI:901700000010650: MM UMTS AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE (res = 1df5f0b4f22b696
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP_RESYNC}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_MS_AUTH_RESP
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000010650) AUTH on UTRAN received RES: 1df5f0b4f22b696e (8 bytes)
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000010650) AUTH established UMTS security context
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP_RESYNC}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_PASSED
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP_RESYNC}: Authentication terminating with result PASSED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP_RESYNC}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_AUTHENTICATED}: Removing from parent vlr_lu_fsm(LU:901700000010650)
@@ -1506,7 +1504,7 @@ DMM IMSI:901700000010650: MM UMTS AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE (res = e229c19e791f2e)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_MS_AUTH_RESP
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000010650) AUTH on GERAN received SRES/RES: e229c19e791f2e (7 bytes)
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000010650) AUTH SRES/RES has invalid length: 7. Expected either 4 (GSM AKA) or 8 (UMTS AKA)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_AUTH_FAILED
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result Illegal MS
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED
 DVLR GSUP tx: 0b010809710000000156f0
 GSUP --> HLR: OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_AUTH_FAIL_REPORT: 0b010809710000000156f0
@@ -1604,7 +1602,7 @@ DMM IMSI:901700000010650: MM UMTS AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE (res = e229c19e791f2e)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_MS_AUTH_RESP
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000010650) AUTH on UTRAN received RES: e229c19e791f2e (7 bytes)
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000010650) AUTH RES has invalid length: 7. Expected 8 (UMTS AKA)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_AUTH_FAILED
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result Illegal MS
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED
 DVLR GSUP tx: 0b010809710000000156f0
 GSUP --> HLR: OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_AUTH_FAIL_REPORT: 0b010809710000000156f0
@@ -1702,7 +1700,7 @@ DMM IMSI:901700000010650: MM UMTS AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE (res = e229c19e791f2e4
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_MS_AUTH_RESP
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000010650) AUTH on GERAN received SRES/RES: e229c19e791f2e4123 (9 bytes)
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000010650) AUTH SRES/RES has invalid length: 9. Expected either 4 (GSM AKA) or 8 (UMTS AKA)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_AUTH_FAILED
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result Illegal MS
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED
 DVLR GSUP tx: 0b010809710000000156f0
 GSUP --> HLR: OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_AUTH_FAIL_REPORT: 0b010809710000000156f0
@@ -1800,7 +1798,7 @@ DMM IMSI:901700000010650: MM UMTS AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE (res = e229c19e791f2e4
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_MS_AUTH_RESP
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000010650) AUTH on UTRAN received RES: e229c19e791f2e4123 (9 bytes)
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000010650) AUTH RES has invalid length: 9. Expected 8 (UMTS AKA)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_AUTH_FAILED
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result Illegal MS
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED
 DVLR GSUP tx: 0b010809710000000156f0
 GSUP --> HLR: OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_AUTH_FAIL_REPORT: 0b010809710000000156f0
@@ -1898,7 +1896,7 @@ DMM IMSI:901700000010650: MM GSM AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE (sres = e229c19e)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_MS_AUTH_RESP
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000010650) AUTH on GERAN received SRES/RES: e229c19e (4 bytes)
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000010650) GSM AUTH failure: mismatching sres (expected sres=9b 36 ef df )
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_AUTH_FAILED
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result Illegal MS
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED
 DVLR GSUP tx: 0b010809710000000156f0
 GSUP --> HLR: OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_AUTH_FAIL_REPORT: 0b010809710000000156f0
@@ -1996,7 +1994,7 @@ DMM IMSI:901700000010650: MM GSM AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE (sres = e229c19e)
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Received Event VLR_AUTH_E_MS_AUTH_RESP
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000010650) AUTH on UTRAN received RES: e229c19e (4 bytes)
 DVLR SUBSCR(IMSI:901700000010650) AUTH via UTRAN, cannot allow GSM AKA (MS is R99 capable, vec has UMTS AKA tokens, res_len=4 is INVALID on UTRAN)
-DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result VLR_AUTH_RES_AUTH_FAILED
+DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: Authentication terminating with result Illegal MS
 DVLR VLR_Authenticate(LU:901700000010650){VLR_SUB_AS_WAIT_RESP}: state_chg to VLR_SUB_AS_AUTH_FAILED
 DVLR GSUP tx: 0b010809710000000156f0
 GSUP --> HLR: OSMO_GSUP_MSGT_AUTH_FAIL_REPORT: 0b010809710000000156f0
diff --git a/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_tests.c b/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_tests.c
index eda3ea174..5c0189642 100644
--- a/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_tests.c
+++ b/tests/msc_vlr/msc_vlr_tests.c
@@ -637,7 +637,7 @@ static int fake_vlr_tx_lu_acc(void *msc_conn_ref, uint32_t send_tmsi)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int fake_vlr_tx_lu_rej(void *msc_conn_ref, uint8_t cause)
+static int fake_vlr_tx_lu_rej(void *msc_conn_ref, enum gsm48_reject_value cause)
 {
 	struct gsm_subscriber_connection *conn = msc_conn_ref;
 	btw("sending LU Reject for %s, cause %u", vlr_subscr_name(conn->vsub), cause);
@@ -653,13 +653,11 @@ static int fake_vlr_tx_cm_serv_acc(void *msc_conn_ref)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int fake_vlr_tx_cm_serv_rej(void *msc_conn_ref,
-				   enum vlr_proc_arq_result result)
+static int fake_vlr_tx_cm_serv_rej(void *msc_conn_ref, enum gsm48_reject_value cause)
 {
 	struct gsm_subscriber_connection *conn = msc_conn_ref;
-	btw("sending CM Service Reject for %s, result %s",
-	    vlr_subscr_name(conn->vsub),
-	    vlr_proc_arq_result_name(result));
+	btw("sending CM Service Reject for %s, cause: %s",
+	    vlr_subscr_name(conn->vsub), gsm48_reject_value_name(cause));
 	cm_service_result_sent |= RES_REJECT;
 	return 0;
 }