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authorOliver Smith <osmith@sysmocom.de>2018-11-28 10:45:40 +0100
committerOliver Smith <osmith@sysmocom.de>2018-11-28 11:23:48 +0100
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-[[ussd]]
-== Unstructured Supplementary Services Data (USSD)
-
-The _Unstructured Supplementary Services Data (USSD)_ is one service within
-2G/3G networks next to other services such as circuit-switched voice, packet-switched
-data and SMS (Short Message Service).
-
-It is on an abstract level quite similar to SMS in that USSD can be used to send
-textual messages. However, there are the following differences:
-
-* USSD is between the MS (phone) and an USSD application on the network, while
- SMS is primarily between two subscribers identified by their MSISDN
-* USSD is faster, as it doesn't suffer from the complicated three-layer CP/RP/TP
- protocol stack of SMS with it's acknowledgement of the acknowledged acknowledgement.
-* USSD is session-oriented, i.e. a dialogue/session between subscriber and application
- can persist for the transfer of more than one message. The dedicated radio channel
- on the RAN remains established throughout that dialogue.
-
-=== USSD in Osmocom
-
-Until August 2018, OsmoMSC contained some minimalistic internal USSD
-handling with no
-ability to attach/extend it with external USSD applications.
-
-From August 2018 onwards, OsmoMSC doesn't contain any internal USSD
-handlers/applications anymore. Instead, all USSD is transported to/from
-OsmoHLR via the GSUP protocol.
-
-OsmoHLR contains some intenal USSD handlers and can route USSD messages
-to any number of external USSD entities (EUSEs). The EUSE also use GSUP
-to communicate USSD from/to OsmoHLR.
-
-Each EUSE is identified by its name. The name consists of a single-word
-string preceding a currently fixed ("-00-00-00-00-00-00") suffix.
-There is no authentication between EUSE and OsmoHLR: Any client program
-able to connect to the GSUP port of OsmoHLR can register as any EUSE
-(name).
-
-NOTE:: We plan to remove the requirement for this suffix as soon as we
-are done resolving all more important issues.
-
-=== USSD Configuration
-
-USSD configuration in OsmoHLR happens within the `hlr` VTY node.
-
-`euse foobar-00-00-00-00-00-00` defines an EUSE with the given name `foobar`
-
-`ussd route prefix *123 external foobar-00-00-00-00-00-00` installs a
-prefix route to the named EUSE. All USSD short codes starting with *123 will be
-routed to the named EUSE.
-
-`ussd route prefix *#100# internal own-msisdn` installs a prefix route
-to the named internal USSD handler. There above command will restore
-the old behavior, in which *#100# will return a text message containing
-the subscribers own phone number. There is one other handler called
-`own-imsi` which will return the IMSI instead of the MSISDN.
-
-`ussd default-route external foobar-00-00-00-00-00-00` installs a
-default route to the named EUSE. This means that all USSD codes for
-which no more specific route exists will be routed to the named EUSE.
-
-=== Example EUSE program
-
-We have provided an example EUSE developed in C language using existing
-Osmocom libraries for GSUP protocol handling and USSD encoding/decoding.
-It will register as `foobar` EUSE to OsmoHLR on localhost. You can run
-it on a different machine by specifying e.g. `osmo-euse-demo 1.2.3.4 5678`
-to make it connect to OsmoHLR on IP address 1.2.3.4 and GSUP/TCP port
-5678.
-
-The idea is that you can use this as a template to develop your own USSD
-applications, or any gateways to other protocols or interfaces.
-
-You can find it in `osmo-hlr/src/osmo-euse-demo.c` or online by
-following the link to http://git.osmocom.org/osmo-hlr/tree/src/osmo-euse-demo.c
-
-This demonstration program will echo back any USSD message sent/routed
-to it, quoted like _You sent "..."_.