/* packet-fbzero.c * Routines for Zero Protocol dissection * Copyright 2016-2017, Alexis La Goutte * * Wireshark - Network traffic analyzer * By Gerald Combs * Copyright 1998 Gerald Combs * * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or * (at your option) any later version. * * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the * GNU General Public License for more details. * * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along * with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. */ /* Zero Protocol coming from Facebook and used the same framing like QUIC (tag-map value) but based on TCP It was reverse engineered based off of QUIC dissector functionality */ #include "config.h" #include #include #include #include void proto_register_fb_zero(void); void proto_reg_handoff_fb_zero(void); static int proto_fb_zero = -1; static dissector_handle_t fb_zero_handle; static int hf_fb_zero_puflags = -1; static int hf_fb_zero_puflags_vrsn = -1; static int hf_fb_zero_puflags_unknown = -1; static int hf_fb_zero_version = -1; static int hf_fb_zero_length = -1; static int hf_fb_zero_tag = -1; static int hf_fb_zero_tags = -1; static int hf_fb_zero_tag_number = -1; static int hf_fb_zero_tag_value = -1; static int hf_fb_zero_tag_type = -1; static int hf_fb_zero_tag_offset_end = -1; static int hf_fb_zero_tag_length = -1; static int hf_fb_zero_tag_sni = -1; static int hf_fb_zero_tag_vers = -1; static int hf_fb_zero_tag_sno = -1; static int hf_fb_zero_tag_aead = -1; static int hf_fb_zero_tag_scid = -1; static int hf_fb_zero_tag_time = -1; static int hf_fb_zero_tag_alpn = -1; static int hf_fb_zero_tag_pubs = -1; static int hf_fb_zero_tag_kexs = -1; static int hf_fb_zero_tag_nonc = -1; static int hf_fb_zero_tag_unknown = -1; static int hf_fb_zero_padding = -1; static int hf_fb_zero_payload = -1; static int hf_fb_zero_unknown = -1; static gint ett_fb_zero = -1; static gint ett_fb_zero_puflags = -1; static gint ett_fb_zero_prflags = -1; static gint ett_fb_zero_ft = -1; static gint ett_fb_zero_ftflags = -1; static gint ett_fb_zero_tag_value = -1; static expert_field ei_fb_zero_tag_undecoded = EI_INIT; static expert_field ei_fb_zero_tag_length = EI_INIT; static expert_field ei_fb_zero_tag_unknown = EI_INIT; #define FBZERO_MIN_LENGTH 3 #define VERSION_QTV 0x515456 /**************************************************************************/ /* Public Flags */ /**************************************************************************/ #define PUFLAGS_VRSN 0x01 #define PUFLAGS_UNKN 0xFE /**************************************************************************/ /* Message tag */ /**************************************************************************/ #define MTAG_CHLO 0x43484C4F #define MTAG_SNOM 0x534E4F4D #define MTAG_SHLO 0x53484C4F #define MTAG_REJ 0x52454A00 #define MTAG_PRST 0x50525354 static const value_string message_tag_vals[] = { { MTAG_CHLO, "Client Hello" }, { MTAG_SNOM, "Server NOM??" }, { MTAG_SHLO, "Server Hello" }, { MTAG_REJ, "Rejection" }, { MTAG_PRST, "Public Reset" }, { 0, NULL } }; /**************************************************************************/ /* Tag */ /**************************************************************************/ #define TAG_SNI 0x534E4900 #define TAG_VERS 0x56455253 #define TAG_SNO 0x534E4F00 #define TAG_AEAD 0x41454144 #define TAG_SCID 0x53434944 #define TAG_TIME 0x54494d45 #define TAG_ALPN 0x414C504E #define TAG_PUBS 0x50554253 #define TAG_KEXS 0x4B455853 #define TAG_NONC 0x4E4F4E43 static const value_string tag_vals[] = { { TAG_SNI, "Server Name Indication" }, { TAG_VERS, "Version" }, { TAG_SNO, "Server nonce" }, { TAG_AEAD, "Authenticated encryption algorithms" }, { TAG_SCID, "Server config ID" }, { TAG_TIME, "Time" }, { TAG_ALPN, "ALPN" }, { TAG_PUBS, "Public value" }, { TAG_KEXS, "Key exchange algorithms" }, { TAG_NONC, "Client Nonce" }, { 0, NULL } }; /**************************************************************************/ /* AEAD Tag */ /**************************************************************************/ #define AEAD_AESG 0x41455347 #define AEAD_S20P 0x53323050 #define AEAD_CC12 0x43433132 static const value_string tag_aead_vals[] = { { AEAD_AESG, "AES-GCM with a 12-byte tag and IV" }, { AEAD_S20P, "Salsa20 with Poly1305" }, { AEAD_CC12, "Salsa20 with Poly1305" }, { 0, NULL } }; /**************************************************************************/ /* KEXS Tag */ /**************************************************************************/ #define KEXS_C255 0x43323535 #define KEXS_P256 0x50323536 static const value_string tag_kexs_vals[] = { { KEXS_C255, "Curve25519" }, { KEXS_P256, "P-256" }, { 0, NULL } }; static guint32 dissect_fb_zero_tag(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *fb_zero_tree, guint offset, guint32 tag_number){ guint32 tag_offset_start = offset + tag_number*4*2; guint32 tag_offset = 0, total_tag_len = 0; gint32 tag_len; while(tag_number){ proto_tree *tag_tree, *ti_len, *ti_tag, *ti_type; guint32 offset_end, tag; const guint8* tag_str; ti_tag = proto_tree_add_item(fb_zero_tree, hf_fb_zero_tags, tvb, offset, 8, ENC_NA); tag_tree = proto_item_add_subtree(ti_tag, ett_fb_zero_tag_value); ti_type = proto_tree_add_item_ret_string(tag_tree, hf_fb_zero_tag_type, tvb, offset, 4, ENC_ASCII|ENC_NA, wmem_packet_scope(), &tag_str); tag = tvb_get_ntohl(tvb, offset); proto_item_append_text(ti_type, " (%s)", val_to_str(tag, tag_vals, "Unknown")); proto_item_append_text(ti_tag, ": %s (%s)", tag_str, val_to_str(tag, tag_vals, "Unknown")); offset += 4; proto_tree_add_item(tag_tree, hf_fb_zero_tag_offset_end, tvb, offset, 4, ENC_LITTLE_ENDIAN); offset_end = tvb_get_letohl(tvb, offset); tag_len = offset_end - tag_offset; total_tag_len += tag_len; ti_len = proto_tree_add_uint(tag_tree, hf_fb_zero_tag_length, tvb, offset, 4, tag_len); proto_item_append_text(ti_tag, " (l=%u)", tag_len); PROTO_ITEM_SET_GENERATED(ti_len); offset += 4; /* Fix issue with CRT.. (Fragmentation ?) */ if( tag_len > tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, tag_offset_start + tag_offset)){ tag_len = tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, tag_offset_start + tag_offset); offset_end = tag_offset + tag_len; expert_add_info(pinfo, ti_len, &ei_fb_zero_tag_length); } proto_tree_add_item(tag_tree, hf_fb_zero_tag_value, tvb, tag_offset_start + tag_offset, tag_len, ENC_NA); switch(tag){ case TAG_SNI: proto_tree_add_item_ret_string(tag_tree, hf_fb_zero_tag_sni, tvb, tag_offset_start + tag_offset, tag_len, ENC_ASCII|ENC_NA, wmem_packet_scope(), &tag_str); proto_item_append_text(ti_tag, ": %s", tag_str); tag_offset += tag_len; break; case TAG_VERS: proto_tree_add_item_ret_string(tag_tree, hf_fb_zero_tag_vers, tvb, tag_offset_start + tag_offset, 4, ENC_ASCII|ENC_NA, wmem_packet_scope(), &tag_str); proto_item_append_text(ti_tag, ": %s", tag_str); tag_offset += 4; break; case TAG_SNO: proto_tree_add_item(tag_tree, hf_fb_zero_tag_sno, tvb, tag_offset_start + tag_offset, tag_len, ENC_NA); tag_offset += tag_len; break; case TAG_AEAD: while(offset_end - tag_offset >= 4){ proto_tree *ti_aead; ti_aead = proto_tree_add_item(tag_tree, hf_fb_zero_tag_aead, tvb, tag_offset_start + tag_offset, 4, ENC_ASCII|ENC_NA); proto_item_append_text(ti_aead, " (%s)", val_to_str(tvb_get_ntohl(tvb, tag_offset_start + tag_offset), tag_aead_vals, "Unknown")); proto_item_append_text(ti_tag, ", %s", val_to_str(tvb_get_ntohl(tvb, tag_offset_start + tag_offset), tag_aead_vals, "Unknown")); tag_offset += 4; } break; case TAG_SCID: proto_tree_add_item(tag_tree, hf_fb_zero_tag_scid, tvb, tag_offset_start + tag_offset, tag_len, ENC_NA); tag_offset += tag_len; break; case TAG_TIME: proto_tree_add_item(tag_tree, hf_fb_zero_tag_time, tvb, tag_offset_start + tag_offset, 4, ENC_LITTLE_ENDIAN); proto_item_append_text(ti_tag, ": %u", tvb_get_letohl(tvb, tag_offset_start + tag_offset)); tag_offset += 4; break; case TAG_ALPN: proto_tree_add_item_ret_string(tag_tree, hf_fb_zero_tag_alpn, tvb, tag_offset_start + tag_offset, 4, ENC_ASCII|ENC_NA, wmem_packet_scope(), &tag_str); proto_item_append_text(ti_tag, ": %s", tag_str); tag_offset += 4; break; case TAG_PUBS: /*TODO FIX: 24 Length + Pubs key?.. ! */ proto_tree_add_item(tag_tree, hf_fb_zero_tag_pubs, tvb, tag_offset_start + tag_offset, 2, ENC_LITTLE_ENDIAN); tag_offset += 2; while(offset_end - tag_offset >= 3){ proto_tree_add_item(tag_tree, hf_fb_zero_tag_pubs, tvb, tag_offset_start + tag_offset, 3, ENC_LITTLE_ENDIAN); tag_offset += 3; } break; case TAG_KEXS: while(offset_end - tag_offset >= 4){ proto_tree *ti_kexs; ti_kexs = proto_tree_add_item(tag_tree, hf_fb_zero_tag_kexs, tvb, tag_offset_start + tag_offset, 4, ENC_ASCII|ENC_NA); proto_item_append_text(ti_kexs, " (%s)", val_to_str(tvb_get_ntohl(tvb, tag_offset_start + tag_offset), tag_kexs_vals, "Unknown")); proto_item_append_text(ti_tag, ", %s", val_to_str(tvb_get_ntohl(tvb, tag_offset_start + tag_offset), tag_kexs_vals, "Unknown")); tag_offset += 4; } break; case TAG_NONC: /*TODO: Enhance display: 32 bytes consisting of 4 bytes of timestamp (big-endian, UNIX epoch seconds), 8 bytes of server orbit and 20 bytes of random data. */ proto_tree_add_item(tag_tree, hf_fb_zero_tag_nonc, tvb, tag_offset_start + tag_offset, 32, ENC_NA); tag_offset += 32; break; default: proto_tree_add_item(tag_tree, hf_fb_zero_tag_unknown, tvb, tag_offset_start + tag_offset, tag_len, ENC_NA); expert_add_info_format(pinfo, ti_tag, &ei_fb_zero_tag_undecoded, "Dissector for FB Zero Tag" " %s (%s) code not implemented, Contact" " Wireshark developers if you want this supported", tvb_get_string_enc(wmem_packet_scope(), tvb, offset-8, 4, ENC_ASCII|ENC_NA), val_to_str(tag, tag_vals, "Unknown")); tag_offset += tag_len; break; } if(tag_offset != offset_end){ /* Wrong Tag len... */ proto_tree_add_expert(tag_tree, pinfo, &ei_fb_zero_tag_unknown, tvb, tag_offset_start + tag_offset, offset_end - tag_offset); tag_offset = offset_end; } tag_number--; } return offset + total_tag_len; } static int dissect_fb_zero_unencrypt(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *fb_zero_tree, guint offset, guint8 len_pkn _U_){ while(tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > 0){ proto_item *ti; guint32 message_tag, tag_number, length; const guint8* message_tag_str; proto_tree_add_item(fb_zero_tree, hf_fb_zero_unknown, tvb, offset, 1, ENC_NA); offset += 1; proto_tree_add_item_ret_uint(fb_zero_tree, hf_fb_zero_length, tvb, offset, 4, ENC_LITTLE_ENDIAN, &length); offset += 4; message_tag = tvb_get_ntohl(tvb, offset); /* check if it is a known message_tag (CHLO, SNOM...) */ if(try_val_to_str(message_tag, message_tag_vals)){ ti = proto_tree_add_item_ret_string(fb_zero_tree, hf_fb_zero_tag, tvb, offset, 4, ENC_ASCII|ENC_NA, wmem_packet_scope(), &message_tag_str); proto_item_append_text(ti, ", Type: %s (%s)", message_tag_str, val_to_str(message_tag, message_tag_vals, "Unknown Tag")); col_add_fstr(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, "%s", val_to_str(message_tag, message_tag_vals, "Unknown")); offset += 4; proto_tree_add_item(fb_zero_tree, hf_fb_zero_tag_number, tvb, offset, 2, ENC_LITTLE_ENDIAN); tag_number = tvb_get_letohs(tvb, offset); offset += 2; proto_tree_add_item(fb_zero_tree, hf_fb_zero_padding, tvb, offset, 2, ENC_NA); offset += 2; offset = dissect_fb_zero_tag(tvb, pinfo, fb_zero_tree, offset, tag_number); } else { proto_tree_add_item(fb_zero_tree, hf_fb_zero_unknown, tvb, offset, length, ENC_NA); offset += length; } } return offset; } static int dissect_fb_zero_common(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, void *data _U_) { proto_item *ti, *ti_puflags; proto_tree *fb_zero_tree, *puflags_tree; guint offset = 0; guint8 puflags; guint32 message_tag, version; if (tvb_captured_length(tvb) < FBZERO_MIN_LENGTH) return 0; col_set_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_PROTOCOL, "FB_ZERO"); ti = proto_tree_add_item(tree, proto_fb_zero, tvb, 0, -1, ENC_NA); fb_zero_tree = proto_item_add_subtree(ti, ett_fb_zero); /* Public Flags */ ti_puflags = proto_tree_add_item(fb_zero_tree, hf_fb_zero_puflags, tvb, offset, 1, ENC_LITTLE_ENDIAN); puflags_tree = proto_item_add_subtree(ti_puflags, ett_fb_zero_puflags); proto_tree_add_item(puflags_tree, hf_fb_zero_puflags_vrsn, tvb, offset, 1, ENC_NA); proto_tree_add_item(puflags_tree, hf_fb_zero_puflags_unknown, tvb, offset, 1, ENC_LITTLE_ENDIAN); puflags = tvb_get_guint8(tvb, offset); offset += 1; if(puflags & PUFLAGS_VRSN){ version = tvb_get_ntoh24(tvb, offset); if(version == VERSION_QTV){ proto_tree_add_item(fb_zero_tree, hf_fb_zero_version, tvb, offset, 3, ENC_ASCII|ENC_NA); offset += 3; } } /* Unencrypt Message (Handshake or Connection Close...) */ message_tag = tvb_get_ntohl(tvb, offset+5); if (message_tag == MTAG_CHLO || message_tag == MTAG_SNOM) { offset = dissect_fb_zero_unencrypt(tvb, pinfo, fb_zero_tree, offset, 1); }else { /* Payload... (encrypted... TODO FIX !) */ col_add_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, "Payload (Encrypted)"); proto_tree_add_item(fb_zero_tree, hf_fb_zero_payload, tvb, offset, -1, ENC_NA); } return offset; } static int dissect_fb_zero(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, void *data _U_) { return dissect_fb_zero_common(tvb, pinfo, tree, NULL); } static gboolean dissect_fb_zero_heur(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, void *data) { conversation_t *conversation = NULL; int offset = 0; guint32 version, length, message_tag; /* Verify packet size (Flag (1 byte) + Version (3bytes) + Flag (1 byte) + length (4 bytes) + Tag (4 bytes)) */ if (tvb_captured_length(tvb) < 13) { return FALSE; } /* Flag */ offset += 1; /* Version */ version = tvb_get_ntoh24(tvb, offset); offset += 3; /* Flag */ offset += 1; /* length */ length = tvb_get_letohl(tvb, offset); offset += 4; /* (message) tag */ message_tag = tvb_get_ntohl(tvb, offset); if (version == VERSION_QTV && length <= tvb_reported_length(tvb) && (message_tag == MTAG_CHLO || message_tag == MTAG_SNOM)) { conversation = find_or_create_conversation(pinfo); conversation_set_dissector(conversation, fb_zero_handle); dissect_fb_zero(tvb, pinfo, tree, data); return TRUE; } return FALSE; } void proto_register_fb_zero(void) { static hf_register_info hf[] = { { &hf_fb_zero_puflags, { "Public Flags", "fb_zero.puflags", FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, NULL, 0x0, "Specifying per-packet public flags", HFILL } }, { &hf_fb_zero_puflags_vrsn, { "Version", "fb_zero.puflags.version", FT_BOOLEAN, 8, TFS(&tfs_yes_no), PUFLAGS_VRSN, "Signifies that this packet also contains the version of the FB Zero protocol", HFILL } }, { &hf_fb_zero_puflags_unknown, { "Unknown", "fb_zero.puflags.unknown", FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, NULL, PUFLAGS_UNKN, NULL, HFILL } }, { &hf_fb_zero_version, { "Version", "fb_zero.version", FT_STRING, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0x0, "32 bit opaque tag that represents the version of the ZB Zero (Always QTV)", HFILL } }, { &hf_fb_zero_length, { "Length", "fb_zero.length", FT_UINT32, BASE_DEC, NULL, 0x0, NULL, HFILL } }, { &hf_fb_zero_tag, { "Tag", "fb_zero.tag", FT_STRING, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0x0, NULL, HFILL } }, { &hf_fb_zero_tag_number, { "Tag Number", "fb_zero.tag_number", FT_UINT16, BASE_DEC, NULL, 0x0, NULL, HFILL } }, { &hf_fb_zero_tags, { "Tag/value", "fb_zero.tags", FT_NONE, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0x0, NULL, HFILL } }, { &hf_fb_zero_tag_type, { "Tag Type", "fb_zero.tag_type", FT_STRING, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0x0, NULL, HFILL } }, { &hf_fb_zero_tag_offset_end, { "Tag offset end", "fb_zero.tag_offset_end", FT_UINT32, BASE_DEC, NULL, 0x0, NULL, HFILL } }, { &hf_fb_zero_tag_length, { "Tag length", "fb_zero.tag_offset_length", FT_UINT32, BASE_DEC, NULL, 0x0, NULL, HFILL } }, { &hf_fb_zero_tag_value, { "Tag/value", "fb_zero.tag_value", FT_BYTES, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0x0, NULL, HFILL } }, { &hf_fb_zero_tag_sni, { "Server Name Indication", "fb_zero.tag.sni", FT_STRING, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0x0, "The fully qualified DNS name of the server, canonicalised to lowercase with no trailing period", HFILL } }, { &hf_fb_zero_tag_vers, { "Version", "fb_zero.tag.version", FT_STRING, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0x0, "Version of FB Zero supported", HFILL } }, { &hf_fb_zero_tag_sno, { "Server nonce", "fb_zero.tag.sno", FT_BYTES, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0x0, NULL, HFILL } }, { &hf_fb_zero_tag_aead, { "Authenticated encryption algorithms", "fb_zero.tag.aead", FT_STRING, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0x0, "A list of tags, in preference order, specifying the AEAD primitives supported by the server", HFILL } }, { &hf_fb_zero_tag_scid, { "Server Config ID", "fb_zero.tag.scid", FT_BYTES, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0x0, "An opaque, 16-byte identifier for this server config", HFILL } }, { &hf_fb_zero_tag_time, { "Time", "fb_zero.tag.time", FT_UINT32, BASE_DEC, NULL, 0x0, NULL, HFILL } }, { &hf_fb_zero_tag_alpn, { "ALPN", "fb_zero.tag.alpn", FT_STRING, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0x0, "Application-Layer Protocol Negotiation supported", HFILL } }, { &hf_fb_zero_tag_pubs, { "Public value", "fb_zero.tag.pubs", FT_UINT24, BASE_DEC_HEX, NULL, 0x0, "A list of public values, 24-bit, little-endian length prefixed", HFILL } }, { &hf_fb_zero_tag_kexs, { "Key exchange algorithms", "fb_zero.tag.kexs", FT_STRING, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0x0, "A list of tags, in preference order, specifying the key exchange algorithms that the server supports", HFILL } }, { &hf_fb_zero_tag_nonc, { "Client nonce", "fb_zero.tag.nonc", FT_BYTES, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0x0, "32 bytes consisting of 4 bytes of timestamp (big-endian, UNIX epoch seconds), 8 bytes of server orbit and 20 bytes of random data", HFILL } }, { &hf_fb_zero_tag_unknown, { "Unknown tag", "fb_zero.tag.unknown", FT_BYTES, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0x0, NULL, HFILL } }, { &hf_fb_zero_padding, { "Padding", "fb_zero.padding", FT_BYTES, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0x0, NULL, HFILL } }, { &hf_fb_zero_payload, { "Payload", "fb_zero.payload", FT_BYTES, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0x0, "Fb Zero Payload..", HFILL } }, { &hf_fb_zero_unknown, { "Unknown", "fb_zero.unknown", FT_BYTES, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0x0, "Unknown Data", HFILL } }, }; static gint *ett[] = { &ett_fb_zero, &ett_fb_zero_puflags, &ett_fb_zero_prflags, &ett_fb_zero_ft, &ett_fb_zero_ftflags, &ett_fb_zero_tag_value }; static ei_register_info ei[] = { { &ei_fb_zero_tag_undecoded, { "fb_zero.tag.undecoded", PI_UNDECODED, PI_NOTE, "Dissector for FB Zero Tag code not implemented, Contact Wireshark developers if you want this supported", EXPFILL }}, { &ei_fb_zero_tag_length, { "fb_zero.tag.length.truncated", PI_MALFORMED, PI_NOTE, "Truncated Tag Length...", EXPFILL }}, { &ei_fb_zero_tag_unknown, { "fb_zero.tag.unknown.data", PI_UNDECODED, PI_NOTE, "Unknown Data", EXPFILL }}, }; expert_module_t *expert_fb_zero; proto_fb_zero = proto_register_protocol("(Facebook) Zero Protocol", "FBZERO", "fb_zero"); fb_zero_handle = register_dissector("fb_zero", dissect_fb_zero, proto_fb_zero); proto_register_field_array(proto_fb_zero, hf, array_length(hf)); proto_register_subtree_array(ett, array_length(ett)); expert_fb_zero = expert_register_protocol(proto_fb_zero); expert_register_field_array(expert_fb_zero, ei, array_length(ei)); } void proto_reg_handoff_fb_zero(void) { heur_dissector_add("tcp", dissect_fb_zero_heur, "FBZero (QUIC) over TCP", "fb_zero", proto_fb_zero, HEURISTIC_ENABLE); } /* * Editor modelines - https://www.wireshark.org/tools/modelines.html * * Local variables: * c-basic-offset: 4 * tab-width: 8 * indent-tabs-mode: nil * End: * * vi: set shiftwidth=4 tabstop=8 expandtab: * :indentSize=4:tabSize=8:noTabs=true: */