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diff --git a/docbook/wsug_src/EUG_chapter_customize.xml b/docbook/wsug_src/EUG_chapter_customize.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5c9c9d23e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/docbook/wsug_src/EUG_chapter_customize.xml @@ -0,0 +1,827 @@ +<!-- EUG Chapter Customizing --> +<!-- $Id$ --> + +<chapter id="ChapterCustomize"> + <title>Customizing Ethereal</title> + + <section id="ChCustIntroduction"><title>Introduction</title> + <para> + Ethereal's default behaviour will usually suit your needs pretty well. + However, as you become more familiar with Ethereal, it can be customized + in various ways to suit your needs even better. In this chapter we explore: + <itemizedlist> + <listitem> + <para> + How to start Ethereal with command line parameters + </para> + </listitem> + <listitem> + <para> + How to colorize the packet list + </para> + </listitem> + <listitem> + <para> + How to control protocol dissection + </para> + </listitem> + <listitem> + <para> + How to use the various preference settings + </para> + </listitem> + </itemizedlist> + </para> + </section> + + <section id="ChCustCommandLine"><title>Start Ethereal from the command line</title> + <para> + You can start <application>Ethereal</application> from the command + line, but it can also be started from most Window managers + as well. In this section we will look at starting it from the command + line. + </para> + <para> + <application>Ethereal</application> supports a large number of + command line parameters. To see what they are, simply enter the + command <command> ethereal -h</command> and the help information + shown in <xref linkend="ChCustEx1"/> (or something similar) should be + printed. + <example id="ChCustEx1"> + <title>Help information available from Ethereal</title> + <programlisting> +This is ethereal 0.10.13 + (C) 1998-2005 Gerald Combs <gerald@wireshark.org> + +Compiled with GTK+ 2.6.9, with GLib 2.6.6, with WinPcap (version unknown), +with libz 1.2.3, with libpcre 6.3, with Net-SNMP 5.2.1.2, with ADNS. + +Running with WinPcap version 3.1 (packet.dll version 3, 1, 0, 27), based on libp +cap version 0.9[.x] on Windows XP Service Pack 2, build 2600. + +ethereal [ -vh ] [ -DklLnpQS ] [ -a <capture autostop condition> ] ... + [ -b <capture ring buffer option> ] ... + [ -B <capture buffer size> ] + [ -c <capture packet count> ] [ -f <capture filter> ] + [ -g <packet number> ] [ -i <capture interface> ] [ -m <font> ] + [ -N <name resolving flags> ] [ -o <preference/recent setting> ] ... + [ -r <infile> ] [ -R <read (display) filter> ] [ -s <capture snaplen> ] + [ -t <time stamp format> ] [ -w <savefile> ] [ -y <capture link type> ] + [ -X <eXtension option> ] [ -z <statistics> ] [ <infile> ] </programlisting> + </example> + + We will examine each of the command line options in turn. + </para> + <para> + The first thing to notice is that issuing the command + <command>ethereal</command> by itself will bring up + <application>Ethereal</application>. + However, you can include as many of the command line parameters as + you like. Their meanings are as follows ( in alphabetical order ): + XXX - is the alphabetical order a good choice? Maybe better task based? + <variablelist> + <varlistentry><term><command>-a <capture autostop condition></command></term> + <listitem> + <para> + Specify a criterion that specifies when Wireshark is to stop writing + to a capture file. The criterion is of the form test:value, where test + is one of: + <variablelist> + <varlistentry><term><command>duration</command>:value</term> + <listitem><para> + Stop writing to a capture file after value of seconds have elapsed. + </para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry><term><command>filesize</command>:value</term> + <listitem><para> + Stop writing to a capture file after it reaches a size of value + kilobytes (where a kilobyte is 1000 bytes, not 1024 bytes). If + this option is used together with the -b option, Ethereal will + stop writing to the current capture file and switch to the next + one if filesize is reached. + </para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry><term><command>files</command>:value</term> + <listitem><para> + Stop writing to capture files after value number of files were + written. + </para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + </variablelist> + </para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry><term><command>-b <capture ring buffer option></command></term> + <listitem> + <para> + If a maximum capture file size was specified, cause Ethereal to run + in "ring buffer" mode, with the specified number of files. In "ring + buffer" mode, Ethereal will write to several capture files. Their + name is based on the number of the file and on the creation date and + time. + </para> + <para> + When the first capture file fills up, Ethereal will switch to writing + to the next file, until it fills up the last file, at which point + it'll discard the data in the first file (unless 0 is specified, in + which case, the number of files is unlimited) and start writing to + that file and so on. + </para> + <para> + If the optional duration is specified, Ethereal will switch also to + the next file when the specified number of seconds has elapsed even + if the current file is not completely fills up. + </para> + <para> + <variablelist> + <varlistentry><term><command>duration</command>:value</term> + <listitem><para> + Switch to the next file after value seconds have elapsed, even + if the current file is not completely filled up. + </para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry><term><command>filesize</command>:value</term> + <listitem><para> + Switch to the next file after it reaches a size of value kilobytes + (where a kilobyte is 1000 bytes, not 1024 bytes). + </para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry><term><command>files</command>:value</term> + <listitem><para> + Begin again with the first file after value number of files were + written (form a ring buffer). + </para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + </variablelist> + </para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry><term><command>-B <capture buffer size (Win32 only)></command></term> + <listitem> + <para> + Win32 only: set capture buffer size (in MB, default is 1MB). This + is used by the the capture driver to buffer packet data until that + data can be written to disk. If you encounter packet drops while + capturing, try to increase this size. + </para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry><term><command>-c <capture packet count></command></term> + <listitem> + <para> + This option specifies the maximum number of packets to capture + when capturing live data. It would be used in conjunction + with the <command>-k</command> option. + </para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry><term><command>-D</command></term> + <listitem> + <para> +Print a list of the interfaces on which Ethereal can capture, and +exit. For each network interface, a number and an +interface name, possibly followed by a text description of the +interface, is printed. The interface name or the number can be supplied +to the <command>-i</command> flag to specify an interface on which to capture. + </para> + <para> +This can be useful on systems that don't have a command to list them +(e.g., Windows systems, or UNIX systems lacking <command>ifconfig -a</command>); +the number can be useful on Windows 2000 and later systems, where the +interface name is a somewhat complex string. + </para> + <para> +Note that "can capture" means that Ethereal was able to open +that device to do a live capture; if, on your system, a program doing a +network capture must be run from an account with special privileges (for +example, as root), then, if Wireshark is run with the <command>-D</command> flag and +is not run from such an account, it will not list any interfaces. + </para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry><term><command>-f <capture filter></command></term> + <listitem> + <para> + This option sets the initial capture filter expression to + be used when capturing packets. + </para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry><term><command>-g <packet number></command></term> + <listitem> + <para> + After reading in a capture file using the -r flag, go to the given + packet number. + </para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry><term><command>-h</command></term> + <listitem> + <para> + The <command>-h</command> option requests Ethereal to print + its version and usage instructions (as shown above) and exit. + </para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry><term><command>-i <capture interface></command></term> + <listitem> + <para> +Set the name of the network interface or pipe to use for live packet +capture. + </para> + <para> +Network interface names should match one of the names listed in +<command>ethereal -D</command> (described above); a number, as reported by +<command>ethereal -D</command>, can also be used. If you're using UNIX, <command>netstat +-i</command> or <command>ifconfig -a</command> might also work to list interface names, +although not all versions of UNIX support the <command>-a</command> flag to <command>ifconfig</command>. + </para> + <para> +If no interface is specified, Ethereal searches the list of +interfaces, choosing the first non-loopback interface if there are any +non-loopback interfaces, and choosing the first loopback interface if +there are no non-loopback interfaces; if there are no interfaces, +Ethereal reports an error and doesn't start the capture. + </para> + <para> +Pipe names should be either the name of a FIFO (named pipe) or ``-'' to +read data from the standard input. Data read from pipes must be in +standard libpcap format. + </para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry><term><command>-k</command></term> + <listitem> + <para> + The <command>-k</command> option specifies that Ethereal + should start capturing packets immediately. This option + requires the use of the <command>-i</command> parameter to + specify the interface that packet capture will occur from. + </para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry><term><command>-l</command></term> + <listitem> + <para> + This option turns on automatic scrolling if the packet + list pane is being updated automatically as packets arrive + during a capture ( as specified by the <command>-S</command> + flag). + </para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry><term><command>-L</command></term> + <listitem> + <para> + List the data link types supported by the interface and exit. + </para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry><term><command>-m <font></command></term> + <listitem> + <para> + This option sets the name of the font used for most text + displayed by Wireshark. XXX - add an example! + </para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry><term><command>-n</command></term> + <listitem> + <para> + Disable network object name resolution (such as hostname, TCP and UDP + port names). + </para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry><term><command>-N <name resolving flags></command></term> + <listitem> + <para> + Turns on name resolving for particular types of addresses + and port numbers; the argument is a string that may contain + the letters <command>m</command> to enable MAC address + resolution, <command>n</command> to enable network address + resolution, and <command>t</command> to enable transport-layer + port number resolution. This overrides <command>-n</command> + if both <command>-N</command> and <command>-n</command> are + present. The letter C enables concurrent (asynchronous) DNS lookups. + </para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term><command>-o <preference/recent settings></command></term> + <listitem> + <para> + Sets a preference or recent value, overriding the default value and + any value read from a preference/recent file. The argument to the + flag is a string of the form prefname:value, where prefname + is the name of the preference (which is the same name that + would appear in the preference/recent file), and value is the value + to which it should be set. Multiple instances of + <command>-o <preference settings> </command> can be + given on a single command line. + </para> + <para>An example of setting a single preference would be: </para> + <para> + <command> + ethereal -o mgcp.display_dissect_tree:TRUE + </command> + </para> + <para> + An example of setting multiple preferences would be: + </para> + <para> + <command> + ethereal -o mgcp.display_dissect_tree:TRUE -o mgcp.udp.callagent_port:2627 + </command> + </para> + <tip><title>Tip!</title> + <para> + You can get a list of all available preference strings from the + preferences file, see <xref linkend="AppFiles"/>. + </para> + </tip> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry><term><command>-p</command></term> + <listitem> + <para> + Don't put the interface into promiscuous mode. Note that + the interface might be in promiscuous mode for some other + reason; hence, -p cannot be used to ensure that the only + traffic that is captured is traffic sent to or from the + machine on which Wireshark is running, broadcast traffic, and + multicast traffic to addresses received by that machine. + </para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry><term><command>-Q</command></term> + <listitem> + <para> + This option forces Ethereal to exit when capturing is + complete. It can be used with the <command>-c</command> option. + It must be used in conjunction with the + <command>-i</command> and <command>-w</command> options. + </para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry><term><command>-r <infile></command></term> + <listitem> + <para> + This option provides the name of a capture file for Wireshark + to read and display. This capture file can be in one of the + formats Ethereal understands. + </para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry><term><command>-R <read (display) filter></command></term> + <listitem> + <para> + This option specifies a display filter to be applied when + reading packets from a capture file. The syntax of this + filter is that of the display filters discussed in + <xref linkend="ChWorkDisplayFilterSection"/>. Packets not + matching the filter are discarded. + </para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry><term><command>-s <capture snaplen></command></term> + <listitem> + <para> + This option specifies the snapshot length to use when + capturing packets. Ethereal will only capture + <command><snaplen></command> bytes of data for each packet. + </para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry><term><command>-S</command></term> + <listitem> + <para> + This option specifies that Ethereal will display packets as + it captures them. This is done by capturing in one process + and displaying them in a separate process. This is the same + as "Update list of packets in real time" in the Capture Options + dialog box. + </para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term><command>-t <time stamp format></command></term> + <listitem> + <para> + This option sets the format of packet timestamps that are + displayed in the packet list window. The format can be one of: + <itemizedlist> + <listitem> + <para> + <command>r</command> relative, which specifies timestamps are + displayed relative to the first packet captured. + </para> + </listitem> + <listitem> + <para> + <command>a</command> absolute, which specifies that actual times + be displayed for all packets. + </para> + </listitem> + <listitem> + <para> + <command>ad</command> absolute with date, which specifies that + actual dates and times be displayed for all packets. + </para> + </listitem> + <listitem> + <para> + <command>d</command> delta, which specifies that timestamps + are relative to the previous packet. + </para> + </listitem> + </itemizedlist> + </para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry><term><command>-v</command></term> + <listitem> + <para> + The <command>-v</command> option requests + Ethereal to print out its version information and exit. + </para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry><term><command>-w <savefile></command></term> + <listitem> + <para> + This option sets the name of the <command>savefile</command> + to be used when saving a capture file. + </para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry><term><command>-y <capture link type></command></term> + <listitem> + <para> + If a capture is started from the command line with -k, set the data + link type to use while capturing packets. The values reported by -L + are the values that can be used. + </para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry><term><command>-X <eXtension option></command></term> + <listitem> + <para> + Specify an option to be passed to a Tethereal module. The eXtension + option is in the form extension_key:value, where extension_key can + be: + </para> + <para> + <command>lua_script</command>:lua_script_filename Tell Ethereal to load the given script in addition to the default Lua scripts. + </para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry><term><command>-z <statistics-string></command></term> + <listitem> + <para> + Get Ethereal to collect various types of statistics and display the + result in a window that updates in semi-real time. + XXX - add more details here! + </para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + </variablelist> + </para> + </section> + + <section id="ChCustColorizationSection"><title>Packet colorization</title> + <para> + A very useful mechanism available in Wireshark is packet colorization. + You can set-up Ethereal so that it will colorize packets according to a + filter. This allows you to emphasize the packets you are usually + interested in. + </para> + <tip> + <title>Tip!</title> + <para> + You will find a lot of Coloring Rule examples at the <command>Ethereal + Wiki Coloring Rules page</command> at <ulink + url="&EtherealWikiColoringRulesPage;">&EtherealWikiColoringRulesPage;</ulink>. + </para> + </tip> + <para> + To colorize packets, select the Coloring Rules... menu item from + the View menu, Ethereal will pop up the "Coloring Rules" + dialog box as shown in <xref linkend="ChCustColoringRulesDialog"/>. + </para> + <figure id="ChCustColoringRulesDialog"> + <title>The "Coloring Rules" dialog box</title> + <graphic entityref="EtherealColoringRulesDialog" format="PNG"/> + </figure> + <para> + Once the Coloring Rules dialog box is up, there are a number + of buttons you can use, depending on whether or not you have any + color filters installed already. + </para> + <note><title>Note!</title> + <para> + You will need to carefully select the order the coloring rules are listed + (and thus applied) as they are applied in order from top to bottom. + So, more specific rules need to be listed before more general rules. + For example, if you have a color rule for UDP before the one for DNS, + the color rule for DNS will never be applied (as DNS uses UDP, so the + UDP rule will be matching first). + </para> + </note> + <para> + If this is the first time you have used Coloring Rules, click on the New + button which will bring up the Edit color filter dialog box as shown in + <xref linkend="ChCustEditColorDialog"/>. + </para> + <figure id="ChCustEditColorDialog"> + <title>The "Edit Color Filter" dialog box</title> + <graphic entityref="EtherealEditColorDialog" format="PNG"/> + </figure> + <para> + In the Edit Color dialog box, simply enter a name for the color filter, + and enter a filter string in the Filter text field. + <xref linkend="ChCustEditColorDialog"/> shows the values + <command>arp</command> and <command>arp</command> which means that + the name of the color filter is <command>arp</command> and the filter + will select protocols of type <command>arp</command>. Once you have + entered these values, you can choose a foreground and background + color for packets that match the filter expression. Click on + <command>Foreground color...</command> or + <command>Background color...</command> to achieve this and + Ethereal will pop up the Choose foreground/background color for + protocol dialog box as shown in + <xref linkend="ChCustChooseColorDialog"/>. + </para> + <figure id="ChCustChooseColorDialog"> + <title>The "Choose color" dialog box</title> + <graphic entityref="EtherealChooseColorDialog" format="PNG"/> + </figure> + <para> + Select the color you desire for the selected packets and click on OK. + </para> + <note> + <title>Note!</title> + <para> + You must select a color in the colorbar next to the colorwheel to + load values into the RGB values. Alternatively, you can set the + values to select the color you want. + </para> + </note> + <para> + <xref linkend="ChCustColorFilterMany"/> shows an example of several color + filters being used in Wireshark. You may not like the color choices, + however, feel free to choose your own. + </para> + <figure id="ChCustColorFilterMany"> + <title>Using color filters with Ethereal</title> + <graphic entityref="EtherealThreePane1" format="PNG"/> + </figure> + </section> + + <section id="ChCustProtocolDissectionSection"> + <title>Control Protocol dissection</title> + <para> + The user can control how protocols are dissected. + </para> + <para> + Each protocol has its own dissector, so dissecting a complete packet will + typically involve several dissectors. As Ethereal tries to find the + right dissector for each packet (using static "routes" and heuristics + "guessing"), it might choose the wrong dissector in your specific + case. For example, Ethereal won't know if you use a common protocol + on an uncommon TCP port, e.g. using HTTP on TCP port 800 instead of + the standard port 80. + </para> + <para> + There are two ways to control the relations between protocol + dissectors: disable a protocol dissector completely or temporarily + divert the way Ethereal calls the dissectors. + </para> + <section id="ChAdvEnabledProtocols"><title>The "Enabled Protocols" dialog + box</title> + <para> + The Enabled Protocols dialog box lets you enable or + disable specific protocols, all protocols are enabled by default. + When a protocol is disabled, Ethereal stops processing a packet + whenever that protocol is encountered. + </para> + <note><title>Note!</title> + <para> + Disabling a protocol will prevent information about higher-layer + protocols from being displayed. For example, + suppose you disabled the IP protocol and selected + a packet containing Ethernet, IP, TCP, and HTTP + information. The Ethernet information would be + displayed, but the IP, TCP and HTTP information + would not - disabling IP would prevent it and + the other protocols from being displayed. + </para> + </note> + <figure id="ChAdvEnabledProtocolsFig"> + <title>The "Enabled Protocols" dialog box</title> + <graphic entityref="EtherealEnabledProtocols" format="PNG"/> + </figure> + <para> + To disable or enable a protocol, simply click on it using the + mouse or press the space bar when the protocol is highlighted. + </para> + <warning><title>Warning!</title> + <para> + You have to use the Save button to save your settings. The OK or Apply + buttons will not save your changes permanently, so they will be lost + when Wireshark is closed. + </para> + </warning> + <para> + You can choose from the following actions: + <orderedlist> + <listitem> + <para> + <command>Enable All</command> Enable all protocols in the list. + </para> + </listitem> + <listitem> + <para> + <command>Disable All</command> Disable all protocols in the list. + </para> + </listitem> + <listitem> + <para> + <command>Invert</command> Toggle the state of all protocols in the + list. + </para> + </listitem> + <listitem> + <para> + <command>OK</command> Apply the changes and close the dialog box. + </para> + </listitem> + <listitem> + <para> + <command>Apply</command> Apply the changes and keep the dialog box + open. + </para> + </listitem> + <listitem> + <para> + <command>Save</command> Save the settings to the disabled_protos, see + <xref linkend="AppFiles"/> for details. + </para> + </listitem> + <listitem> + <para> + <command>Cancel</command> Cancel the changes and close the dialog box. + </para> + </listitem> + </orderedlist> + </para> + </section> + + <section id="ChAdvDecodeAs"><title>User Specified Decodes</title> + <para> + The "Decode As" functionality let you temporarily divert specific + protocol dissections. This might be useful for example, if you do some + uncommon experiments on your network. + </para> + <para> + <figure id="ChAdvDecodeAsFig"> + <title>The "Decode As" dialog box</title> + <graphic scale="100" entityref="EtherealDecodeAs" format="PNG"/> + </figure> + The content of this dialog box depends on the selected packet when it + was opened. + <warning><title>Warning!</title> + <para> + The user specified decodes can not be saved. If you quit Ethereal, + these settings will be lost. + </para> + </warning> + <orderedlist> + <listitem> + <para> + <command>Decode</command> Decode packets the selected way. + </para> + </listitem> + <listitem> + <para> + <command>Do not decode</command> Do not decode packets the selected + way. + </para> + </listitem> + <listitem> + <para> + <command>Link/Network/Transport</command> Specify the network layer + at which "Decode As" should take place. Which of these pages are + available, depends on the content of the selected packet when this + dialog box was opened. + </para> + </listitem> + <listitem> + <para> + <command>Show Current</command> Open a dialog box showing the + current list of user specified decodes. + </para> + </listitem> + <listitem> + <para> + <command>OK</command> Apply the currently selected decode and close + the dialog box. + </para> + </listitem> + <listitem> + <para> + <command>Apply</command> Apply the currently selected decode and keep + the dialog box open. + </para> + </listitem> + <listitem> + <para> + <command>Cancel</command> Cancel the changes and close the dialog box. + </para> + </listitem> + </orderedlist> + </para> + </section> + + <section id="ChAdvDecodeAsShow"><title>Show User Specified Decodes</title> + <para> + This dialog box shows the currently active user specified decodes. + <figure id="ChAdvDecodeAsShowFig"> + <title>The "Decode As: Show" dialog box</title> + <graphic entityref="EtherealDecodeAsShow" format="PNG"/> + </figure> + <orderedlist> + <listitem> + <para> + <command>OK</command> Close this dialog box. + </para> + </listitem> + <listitem> + <para> + <command>Clear</command> Removes all user specified decodes. + </para> + </listitem> + </orderedlist> + </para> + </section> + </section> + + <section id="ChCustPreferencesSection"><title>Preferences</title> + <para> + There are a number of preferences you can set. Simply + select the Preferences... menu item from the Edit menu, and Ethereal + will pop up the Preferences dialog box as shown in + <xref linkend="ChCustGUIPrefPage"/>, with the "User Interface" page as + default. On the left side is a tree where you can select the page to be + shown. + <note><title>Note!</title> + <para> + Preference settings are added frequently. For a recent explanation of + the preference pages and their settings have a look at the + <command>Ethereal Wiki Preferences page</command> at <ulink + url="&EtherealWikiPreferencesPage;">&EtherealWikiPreferencesPage;</ulink>. + </para> + </note> + <warning> + <title>Warning!</title> + <para> + The OK or Apply button will not save the preference settings, + you'll have to save the settings by clicking the Save button. + </para> + </warning> + <itemizedlist> + <listitem> + <para> + The <command>OK</command> button will apply the preferences + settings and close the dialog. + </para> + </listitem> + <listitem> + <para> + The <command>Apply</command> button will apply the preferences + settings and keep the dialog open. + </para> + </listitem> + <listitem> + <para> + The <command>Save</command> button will apply the preferences + settings, save the settings on the harddisk and keep the dialog open. + </para> + </listitem> + <listitem> + <para> + The <command>Cancel</command> button will restore all preferences + settings to the last saved state. + </para> + </listitem> + </itemizedlist> + </para> + <figure id="ChCustGUIPrefPage"> + <title>The preferences dialog box</title> + <graphic entityref="EtherealGUIPreferences" format="PNG"/> + </figure> + </section> + +</chapter> +<!-- End of EUG Chapter Customizing --> + |