large refactoring: support inter-BSC and inter-MSC Handover

3GPP TS 49.008 '4.3 Roles of MSC-A, MSC-I and MSC-T' defines distinct roles:
- MSC-A is responsible for managing subscribers,
- MSC-I is the gateway to the RAN.
- MSC-T is a second transitory gateway to another RAN during Handover.

After inter-MSC Handover, the MSC-I is handled by a remote MSC instance, while
the original MSC-A retains the responsibility of subscriber management.

MSC-T exists in this patch but is not yet used, since Handover is only prepared
for, not yet implemented.

Facilitate Inter-MSC and inter-BSC Handover by the same internal split of MSC
roles.

Compared to inter-MSC Handover, mere inter-BSC has the obvious simplifications:
- all of MSC-A, MSC-I and MSC-T roles will be served by the same osmo-msc
  instance,
- messages between MSC-A and MSC-{I,T} don't need to be routed via E-interface
  (GSUP),
- no call routing between MSC-A and -I via MNCC necessary.

This is the largest code bomb I have submitted, ever. Out of principle, I
apologize to everyone trying to read this as a whole. Unfortunately, I see no
sense in trying to split this patch into smaller bits. It would be a huge
amount of work to introduce these changes in separate chunks, especially if
each should in turn be useful and pass all test suites. So, unfortunately, we
are stuck with this code bomb.

The following are some details and rationale for this rather huge refactoring:

* separate MSC subscriber management from ran_conn

struct ran_conn is reduced from the pivotal subscriber management entity it has
been so far to a mere storage for an SCCP connection ID and an MSC subscriber
reference.

The new pivotal subscriber management entity is struct msc_a -- struct msub
lists the msc_a, msc_i, msc_t roles, the vast majority of code paths however
use msc_a, since MSC-A is where all the interesting stuff happens.

Before handover, msc_i is an FSM implementation that encodes to the local
ran_conn. After inter-MSC Handover, msc_i is a compatible but different FSM
implementation that instead forwards via/from GSUP. Same goes for the msc_a
struct: if osmo-msc is the MSC-I "RAN proxy" for a remote MSC-A role, the
msc_a->fi is an FSM implementation that merely forwards via/from GSUP.

* New SCCP implementation for RAN access

To be able to forward BSSAP and RANAP messages via the GSUP interface, the
individual message layers need to be cleanly separated. The IuCS implementation
used until now (iu_client from libosmo-ranap) did not provide this level of
separation, and needed a complete rewrite. It was trivial to implement this in
such a way that both BSSAP and RANAP can be handled by the same SCCP code,
hence the new SCCP-RAN layer also replaces BSSAP handling.

sccp_ran.h: struct sccp_ran_inst provides an abstract handler for incoming RAN
connections. A set of callback functions provides implementation specific
details.

* RAN Abstraction (BSSAP vs. RANAP)

The common SCCP implementation did set the theme for the remaining refactoring:
make all other MSC code paths entirely RAN-implementation-agnostic.

ran_infra.c provides data structures that list RAN implementation specifics,
from logging to RAN de-/encoding to SCCP callbacks and timers. A ran_infra
pointer hence allows complete abstraction of RAN implementations:

- managing connected RAN peers (BSC, RNC) in ran_peer.c,
- classifying and de-/encoding RAN PDUs,
- recording connected LACs and cell IDs and sending out Paging requests to
  matching RAN peers.

* RAN RESET now also for RANAP

ran_peer.c absorbs the reset_fsm from a_reset.c; in consequence, RANAP also
supports proper RESET semantics now. Hence osmo-hnbgw now also needs to provide
proper RESET handling, which it so far duly ignores. (TODO)

* RAN de-/encoding abstraction

The RAN abstraction mentioned above serves not only to separate RANAP and BSSAP
implementations transparently, but also to be able to optionally handle RAN on
distinct levels. Before Handover, all RAN messages are handled by the MSC-A
role.  However, after an inter-MSC Handover, a standalone MSC-I will need to
decode RAN PDUs, at least in order to manage Assignment of RTP streams between
BSS/RNC and MNCC call forwarding.

ran_msg.h provides a common API with abstraction for:

- receiving events from RAN, i.e. passing RAN decode from the BSC/RNC and
  MS/UE: struct ran_dec_msg represents RAN messages decoded from either BSSMAP
  or RANAP;
- sending RAN events: ran_enc_msg is the counterpart to compose RAN messages
  that should be encoded to either BSSMAP or RANAP and passed down to the
  BSC/RNC and MS/UE.

The RAN-specific implementations are completely contained by ran_msg_a.c and
ran_msg_iu.c.

In particular, Assignment and Ciphering have so far been distinct code paths
for BSSAP and RANAP, with switch(via_ran){...} statements all over the place.
Using RAN_DEC_* and RAN_ENC_* abstractions, these are now completely unified.

Note that SGs does not qualify for RAN abstraction: the SGs interface always
remains with the MSC-A role, and SGs messages follow quite distinct semantics
from the fairly similar GERAN and UTRAN.

* MGW and RTP stream management

So far, managing MGW endpoints via MGCP was tightly glued in-between
GSM-04.08-CC on the one and MNCC on the other side. Prepare for switching RTP
streams between different RAN peers by moving to object-oriented
implementations: implement struct call_leg and struct rtp_stream with distinct
FSMs each. For MGW communication, use the osmo_mgcpc_ep API that has originated
from osmo-bsc and recently moved to libosmo-mgcp-client for this purpose.
Instead of implementing a sequence of events with code duplication for the RAN
and CN sides, the idea is to manage each RTP stream separately by firing and
receiving events as soon as codecs and RTP ports are negotiated, and letting
the individual FSMs take care of the MGW management "asynchronously". The
caller provides event IDs and an FSM instance that should be notified of RTP
stream setup progress. Hence it becomes possible to reconnect RTP streams from
one GSM-04.08-CC to another (inter-BSC Handover) or between CC and MNCC RTP
peers (inter-MSC Handover) without duplicating the MGCP code for each
transition.

The number of FSM implementations used for MGCP handling may seem a bit of an
overkill. But in fact, the number of perspectives on RTP forwarding are far
from trivial:
- an MGW endpoint is an entity with N connections, and MGCP "sessions" for
  configuring them by talking to the MGW;
- an RTP stream is a remote peer connected to one of the endpoint's
  connections, which is asynchronously notified of codec and RTP port choices;
- a call leg is the higher level view on either an MT or MO side of a voice
  call, a combination of two RTP streams to forward between two remote peers.

  BSC                 MGW                PBX
                CI          CI
                [MGW-endpoint]
  [--rtp_stream--]          [--rtp_stream--]
  [----------------call_leg----------------]

* Use counts

Introduce using the new osmo_use_count API added to libosmocore for this
purpose. Each use token has a distinct name in the logging, which can be a
globally constant name or ad-hoc, like the local __func__ string constant.  Use
in the new struct msc_a, as well as change vlr_subscr to the new osmo_use_count
API.

* FSM Timeouts

Introduce using the new osmo_tdef API, which provides a common VTY
implementation for all timer numbers, and FSM state transitions with the
correct timeout. Originated in osmo-bsc, recently moved to libosmocore.

Depends: Ife31e6798b4e728a23913179e346552a7dd338c0 (libosmocore)
         Ib9af67b100c4583342a2103669732dab2e577b04 (libosmocore)
	 Id617265337f09dfb6ddfe111ef5e578cd3dc9f63 (libosmocore)
	 Ie9e2add7bbfae651c04e230d62e37cebeb91b0f5 (libosmo-sccp)
	 I26be5c4b06a680f25f19797407ab56a5a4880ddc (osmo-mgw)
	 Ida0e59f9a1f2dd18efea0a51680a67b69f141efa (osmo-mgw)
	 I9a3effd38e72841529df6c135c077116981dea36 (osmo-mgw)
Change-Id: I27e4988e0371808b512c757d2b52ada1615067bd

2 files changed, 89 insertions, 68 deletions

diff --git a/src/osmo-msc/Makefile.am b/src/osmo-msc/Makefile.am
index abe9ad3b0..9b5471618 100644
--- a/src/osmo-msc/Makefile.am
+++ b/src/osmo-msc/Makefile.am
@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ osmo_msc_LDADD = \
 	$(NULL)
 if BUILD_IU
 osmo_msc_LDADD += \
+	$(LIBASN1C_LIBS) \
 	$(LIBOSMORANAP_LIBS) \
 	$(NULL)
 endif
diff --git a/src/osmo-msc/msc_main.c b/src/osmo-msc/msc_main.c
index cd30bdb51..857a6a691 100644
--- a/src/osmo-msc/msc_main.c
+++ b/src/osmo-msc/msc_main.c
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /* OsmoMSC - Circuit-Switched Core Network (MSC+VLR+HLR+SMSC) implementation
  */
 
-/* (C) 2016 by sysmocom s.f.m.c. GmbH <info@sysmocom.de>
+/* (C) 2016-2019 by sysmocom s.f.m.c. GmbH <info@sysmocom.de>
  * All Rights Reserved
  *
  * Based on OsmoNITB:
@@ -63,16 +63,21 @@
 #include <osmocom/mgcp_client/mgcp_client.h>
 #include <osmocom/msc/sgs_iface.h>
 #include <osmocom/msc/sgs_server.h>
+#include <osmocom/msc/ran_infra.h>
+#include <osmocom/msc/ran_peer.h>
+#include <osmocom/msc/ran_msg_a.h>
+#include <osmocom/msc/msub.h>
+#include <osmocom/msc/call_leg.h>
+#include <osmocom/msc/msc_ho.h>
+#include <osmocom/msc/gsup_client_mux.h>
+#include <osmocom/msc/e_link.h>
+#include <osmocom/msc/mncc_call.h>
 
 #ifdef BUILD_IU
 #include <osmocom/ranap/iu_client.h>
+#include <asn1c/asn_internal.h>
 #endif
 
-#include <osmocom/msc/msc_ifaces.h>
-#include <osmocom/msc/iucs.h>
-#include <osmocom/msc/iucs_ranap.h>
-#include <osmocom/msc/a_iface.h>
-
 static const char * const osmomsc_copyright =
 	"OsmoMSC - Osmocom Circuit-Switched Core Network implementation\r\n"
 	"Copyright (C) 2016 by sysmocom s.f.m.c. GmbH <info@sysmocom.de>\r\n"
@@ -216,6 +221,7 @@ struct gsm_network *msc_network_alloc(void *ctx,
 	net->gsup_server_port = MSC_HLR_REMOTE_PORT_DEFAULT;
 
 	mgcp_client_conf_init(&net->mgw.conf);
+	net->mgw.tdefs = g_mgw_tdefs;
 
 	return net;
 }
@@ -320,27 +326,6 @@ static struct vty_app_info msc_vty_info = {
 	.is_config_node	= msc_vty_is_config_node,
 };
 
-#ifdef BUILD_IU
-static int rcvmsg_iu_cs(struct msgb *msg, struct gprs_ra_id *ra_id, uint16_t *sai)
-{
-	DEBUGP(DIUCS, "got IuCS message %d bytes: %s\n", msg->len, msgb_hexdump(msg));
-	if (ra_id) {
-		DEBUGP(DIUCS, "got IuCS message on %s\n", osmo_rai_name(ra_id));
-	}
-
-	return gsm0408_rcvmsg_iucs(msc_network, msg, ra_id? &ra_id->lac : NULL);
-}
-
-static int rx_iu_event(struct ranap_ue_conn_ctx *ctx, enum ranap_iu_event_type type,
-		       void *data)
-{
-	DEBUGP(DIUCS, "got IuCS event %u: %s\n", type,
-	       ranap_iu_event_type_str(type));
-
-	return iucs_rx_ranap_event(msc_network, ctx, type, data);
-}
-#endif
-
 #define DEFAULT_M3UA_REMOTE_IP "127.0.0.1"
 #define DEFAULT_PC "0.23.1"
 
@@ -361,42 +346,38 @@ static struct osmo_sccp_instance *sccp_setup(void *ctx, uint32_t cs7_instance,
 	 * Similarly, 'cs7' / 'listen' can specify the local IP address. */
 }
 
-static int ss7_setup(void *ctx)
+static int ss7_setup(void *ctx, struct osmo_sccp_instance **sccp_a, struct osmo_sccp_instance **sccp_iu)
 {
-	uint32_t cs7_instance_a = msc_network->a.cs7_instance;
+	uint32_t i_a = msc_network->a.cs7_instance;
+	uint32_t i_iu = msc_network->iu.cs7_instance;
+
+	const char *name_a = "OsmoMSC-A";
+	const char *name_iu = NULL;
+
 #if BUILD_IU
-	uint32_t cs7_instance_iu = msc_network->iu.cs7_instance;
-
-	if (cs7_instance_a == cs7_instance_iu) {
-		/* Create one single SCCP instance which will be used for both,
-		 * Iu and A at the same time, under the same point-code */
-		LOGP(DMSC, LOGL_NOTICE, "CS7 Instance identifiers: A = Iu = %u\n", cs7_instance_a);
-
-		msc_network->a.sccp = sccp_setup(ctx, cs7_instance_a, "OsmoMSC-A-Iu", DEFAULT_PC);
-		if (!msc_network->a.sccp)
-			return -EINVAL;
-
-		msc_network->iu.sccp = msc_network->a.sccp;
-	} else {
-		/* Create two separate SCCP instances to run A and Iu independently on different
-		 * pointcodes */
-		LOGP(DMSC, LOGL_NOTICE, "CS7 Instance identifiers: A = %u, Iu = %u\n",
-		     cs7_instance_a, cs7_instance_iu);
-
-		msc_network->a.sccp = sccp_setup(ctx, cs7_instance_a, "OsmoMSC-A", DEFAULT_PC);
-		if (!msc_network->a.sccp)
-			return -EINVAL;
-
-		msc_network->iu.sccp = sccp_setup(ctx, cs7_instance_iu, "OsmoMSC-Iu", DEFAULT_PC);
-		if (!msc_network->iu.sccp)
-			return -EINVAL;
+	if (i_a == i_iu)
+		name_a = name_iu = "OsmoMSC-A-Iu";
+	else
+		name_iu = "OsmoMSC-Iu";
+#endif
+
+	*sccp_a = sccp_setup(ctx, i_a, name_a, DEFAULT_PC);
+	if (!*sccp_a)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	if (!name_iu) {
+		*sccp_iu = NULL;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (i_a == i_iu) {
+		*sccp_iu = *sccp_a;
+		return 0;
 	}
-#else
-	/* No Iu support, just open up an A instance */
-	msc_network->a.sccp = sccp_setup(ctx, cs7_instance_a, "OsmoMSC-A", DEFAULT_PC);
-	if (!msc_network->a.sccp)
+
+	*sccp_iu = sccp_setup(ctx, i_iu, name_iu, DEFAULT_PC);
+	if (!*sccp_iu)
 		return -EINVAL;
-#endif
 
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -451,6 +432,7 @@ static const struct log_info_cat msc_default_categories[] = {
 	[DHO] = {
 		.name = "DHO",
 		.description = "Hand-Over",
+		.color = "\033[1;38m",
 		.enabled = 1, .loglevel = LOGL_NOTICE,
 	},
 	[DDB] = {
@@ -527,6 +509,9 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
 	int rc;
 
+	struct osmo_sccp_instance *sccp_a;
+	struct osmo_sccp_instance *sccp_iu;
+
 	/* Track the use of talloc NULL memory contexts */
 	talloc_enable_null_tracking();
 
@@ -544,6 +529,10 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 	tall_trans_ctx = talloc_named_const(tall_msc_ctx, 0, "transaction");
 
 	osmo_init_logging2(tall_msc_ctx, &log_info);
+
+	osmo_fsm_log_timeouts(true);
+	osmo_fsm_log_addr(true);
+
 	osmo_stats_init(tall_msc_ctx);
 
 	/* For --version, vty_init() must be called before handling options */
@@ -562,6 +551,9 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 	if (!msc_network)
 		return -ENOMEM;
 
+	call_leg_init(msc_network);
+	mncc_call_fsm_init(msc_network);
+
 	if (msc_vlr_alloc(msc_network)) {
 		fprintf(stderr, "Failed to allocate VLR\n");
 		exit(1);
@@ -653,14 +645,18 @@ TODO: we probably want some of the _net_ ctrl commands from bsc_base_ctrl_cmds_i
 		return 4;
 	}
 
-	osmo_fsm_log_addr(true);
+	if (msc_gsup_client_start(msc_network)) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "Failed to start GSUP client\n");
+		exit(1);
+	}
+
+	msc_a_i_t_gsup_init(msc_network);
+
 	if (msc_vlr_start(msc_network)) {
 		fprintf(stderr, "Failed to start VLR\n");
 		exit(1);
 	}
 
-	ran_conn_init();
-
 	if (db_prepare()) {
 		printf("DB: Failed to prepare database.\n");
 		return 5;
@@ -690,7 +686,7 @@ TODO: we probably want some of the _net_ ctrl commands from bsc_base_ctrl_cmds_i
 		return 7;
 	}
 
-	if (ss7_setup(tall_msc_ctx)) {
+	if (ss7_setup(tall_msc_ctx, &sccp_a, &sccp_iu)) {
 		printf("Setting up SCCP client failed.\n");
 		return 8;
 	}
@@ -700,13 +696,37 @@ TODO: we probably want some of the _net_ ctrl commands from bsc_base_ctrl_cmds_i
 		return 9;
 	}
 
+	msc_network->a.sri = sccp_ran_init(msc_network, sccp_a, OSMO_SCCP_SSN_BSSAP,
+					   "OsmoMSC-A", &msc_ran_infra[OSMO_RAT_GERAN_A],
+					   msc_network);
+	if (!msc_network->a.sri) {
+		printf("Setting up A receiver failed\n");
+		return 10;
+	}
+	LOGP(DMSC, LOGL_NOTICE, "A-interface: SCCP user %s, cs7-instance %u (%s)\n",
+	     osmo_sccp_user_name(msc_network->a.sri->scu),
+	     osmo_sccp_get_ss7(msc_network->a.sri->sccp)->cfg.id,
+	     osmo_sccp_get_ss7(msc_network->a.sri->sccp)->cfg.name);
+
 #ifdef BUILD_IU
-	/* Set up IuCS */
-	ranap_iu_init(tall_msc_ctx, DRANAP, "OsmoMSC-IuCS", msc_network->iu.sccp, rcvmsg_iu_cs, rx_iu_event);
-#endif
+	talloc_asn1_ctx = talloc_named_const(tall_msc_ctx, 0, "asn1");
+
+	msc_network->iu.sri = sccp_ran_init(msc_network, sccp_iu, OSMO_SCCP_SSN_RANAP,
+					   "OsmoMSC-IuCS", &msc_ran_infra[OSMO_RAT_UTRAN_IU],
+					   msc_network);
+	if (!msc_network->iu.sri) {
+		printf("Setting up IuCS receiver failed\n");
+		return 11;
+	}
 
-	/* Set up A interface */
-	a_init(msc_network->a.sccp, msc_network);
+	/* Compatibility with legacy osmo-hnbgw that was unable to properly handle RESET messages. */
+	msc_network->iu.sri->ignore_missing_reset = true;
+
+	LOGP(DMSC, LOGL_NOTICE, "Iu-interface: SCCP user %s, cs7-instance %u (%s)\n",
+	     osmo_sccp_user_name(msc_network->iu.sri->scu),
+	     osmo_sccp_get_ss7(msc_network->iu.sri->sccp)->cfg.id,
+	     osmo_sccp_get_ss7(msc_network->iu.sri->sccp)->cfg.name);
+#endif
 
 	/* Init RRLP handlers */
 	msc_rrlp_init();